MAPS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSESEngine

MAPS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES
Engineering geological maps and plans are used mainly for planning and civil engineering purposes. Engineering geological maps usually are produced on the scale of 1: 10 000 or smaller whereas engineering geological plans, being produCed for a particular engineering purposes, have a large (Anon, 1972).
Engineering geological maps may serve a special purpose or a multipurpose (Anon, 1976). Special-purpose aps provide information on one specific aspect of engineering geology such as grade of weathering,æó mass e abe or foundation conditions, etc.. On the other hand, special-purpose maps may serve one particular purpose, the engineering geological conditions at a dam site or along a routeway or for zoning for land-use in urban development. Multipurpose maps cover various aspect of engineering purposes.
Engineering geological maps frequently consist of basic geological maps on which some engineering geological data have been incorporated. In addition to the basic geology it includes isopachytes of the local estuarine clay and contours to rockhead. Detailed engeological information is given on such maps in tabular form. See figures... and...
Geotechnical maps and plans indicate the distribution of units, defined terms in terms of engineering properties, for example, they can be produced in terms of index properties, rock quality, or grade of weathering, A plan for a foundation could be made in terms of design parameters .The unit boun- daries are then drawn for changes in the particular property. Frequently the boundaries of such units coincide with stratigraphical boun-daries. In other instances, for example, where rock are deeply weathered, they may bear no relation to geological boundaries. Unfortunately one of the fundamental difficulties in preparing geotechnical maps arises from the fact that changes in physical properties of rocks and soils are frequently grandational. As a consequence regular checking of visual observations by in-situ testing or sampling is essential to produce a map based on engineering properties.
Frequently, it is impossible to represent all the engineering geological data obtained on one map. In such instances a series of overlay or an atlas of maps can be produced. This atlas comprised; a documentation map (topographical map which shows the location of boreholes); a hydro- geological map; a map of engineering geological zones, a number of engi- neering geological cross- sections, and an explanatory key.
The purpose of engineering geomorphological maps is to portray the forms of the surface, the nature and properties of the materials of which the surface is composed, and to indicate the type and the magnitude of the processes in operation. Hence geomophological maps give a rapid appre- ciation of the nature of the ground and thereby help the design of more detained investigations. Engineering geomorphological maps should therefore show how surface expression will influence an engineering project and should provide an indication of the general environmental relationship of the site concerned.

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BẢN ĐỒ CHO MỤC ĐÍCH KỸ THUẬTKỹ thuật địa chất bản đồ và kế hoạch được sử dụng chủ yếu cho mục đích lập kế hoạch và xây dựng. Bản đồ địa chất kỹ thuật thường được sản xuất trên quy mô của 1:10 000 hoặc nhỏ hơn trong khi kế hoạch kỹ thuật địa chất, được sản xuất cho một mục đích kỹ thuật cụ thể, có một lớn (Anon, 1972).Kỹ thuật địa chất bản đồ có thể phục vụ một mục đích đặc biệt hoặc một đa chức năng (Anon, 1976). Chuyên dụng aps cung cấp thông tin về một khía cạnh cụ thể của kỹ thuật địa chất chẳng hạn như lớp của thời tiết, æó khối lượng e abe hoặc điều kiện nền tảng, vv... Mặt khác, bản đồ đặc biệt mục đích có thể phục vụ một mục đích cụ thể, các điều kiện địa chất kỹ thuật tại một trang web đập hoặc dọc theo một routeway hoặc cho quy hoạch cho sử dụng đất trong phát triển đô thị. Đa chức năng bản đồ bao gồm các khía cạnh khác nhau của kỹ thuật mục đích.Bản đồ địa chất kỹ thuật thường xuyên bao gồm các bản đồ địa chất cơ bản mà một số dữ liệu kỹ thuật địa chất đã được hợp nhất. Ngoài cơ bản địa chất nó bao gồm isopachytes của đất sét cửa sông địa phương và các đường nét để rockhead. Thông tin chi tiết engeological được cho vào bản đồ như vậy trong bảng biểu mẫu. Xem các hình... và...Geotechnical maps and plans indicate the distribution of units, defined terms in terms of engineering properties, for example, they can be produced in terms of index properties, rock quality, or grade of weathering, A plan for a foundation could be made in terms of design parameters .The unit boun- daries are then drawn for changes in the particular property. Frequently the boundaries of such units coincide with stratigraphical boun-daries. In other instances, for example, where rock are deeply weathered, they may bear no relation to geological boundaries. Unfortunately one of the fundamental difficulties in preparing geotechnical maps arises from the fact that changes in physical properties of rocks and soils are frequently grandational. As a consequence regular checking of visual observations by in-situ testing or sampling is essential to produce a map based on engineering properties.Frequently, it is impossible to represent all the engineering geological data obtained on one map. In such instances a series of overlay or an atlas of maps can be produced. This atlas comprised; a documentation map (topographical map which shows the location of boreholes); a hydro- geological map; a map of engineering geological zones, a number of engi- neering geological cross- sections, and an explanatory key.The purpose of engineering geomorphological maps is to portray the forms of the surface, the nature and properties of the materials of which the surface is composed, and to indicate the type and the magnitude of the processes in operation. Hence geomophological maps give a rapid appre- ciation of the nature of the ground and thereby help the design of more detained investigations. Engineering geomorphological maps should therefore show how surface expression will influence an engineering project and should provide an indication of the general environmental relationship of the site concerned.