One of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth. We naturally expect that a doctor’s salary will be higher than a bus conductor’s wage. But the question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare, say, a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oil-rig in the North Sea with a teacher in a secondary school. What the doctor, the engineer and teacher have is many years of training in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years, when they were studying instead of earning money, should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oil-rig laborer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take.
Another factor we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man’s work is, regardless of the talents he may bring to it. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling secondhand cars or improving the taste of toothpaste by adding a red stripe to it. Yet it is almost certain that the used car salesman earns more than the nurse, and that research chemist earns more than the school teacher.
Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be turned on its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called “psychic wage”, and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul-destroying monotony(单调) of his work. It is significant that that those jobs which are traditionally regarded as “vocations” --- nursing, teaching and the Church, for example --- continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth.
最困难的问题,回答之一是多少工作是值得。我们自然期望医生的薪水会比公共汽车售票员工资高。但是,这个问题变得更加困难,回答时说,我们比较与工程师或没有技术的人,一个在一所中学的老师在北海的一个石油钻井平台上工作的矿工。医生、 工程师和教师有什么是培训的多年以获得必要的资格,他们的职业。我们本能地觉得这些技能和这些年来,当他们在学习而不赚钱,应该得到回报。同时我们认识到,矿工和石油钻机劳动者的工作是艰苦和危险的他们必须被高薪的风险他们采取。我们必须考虑的另一个因素是社会如何一个人的工作是有用,不管他可能给它带来的人才。大多数人会同意照顾病人或教孩子是比,更重要说,二手汽车销售或改善牙膏的味道,通过向它添加一条红色的条纹。然而,几乎可以肯定的是二手车推销员赚超过护士,和研究化学可赚的钱比学校的老师。Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be turned on its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called “psychic wage”, and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul-destroying monotony(单调) of his work. It is significant that that those jobs which are traditionally regarded as “vocations” --- nursing, teaching and the Church, for example --- continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth.
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