Reference:Chapters5of“R.M.Felder&W.

Reference:Chapters5of“R.M.Felder&W.Rousseau,ElementaryPrinciplesofChemical
Processes,3rded.2005(Wiley)”.
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
SINGLE‐ PHASESYSTEMS
Gasbehaviour
MULTI‐ PHASESYSTEMS
Gas‐Liquidbehaviour
C h a pte r5:Single‐ PhaseSystems
Questions
Agasentersareactoratarateof255SCMH(m3 /h).Whatdoesthatmean?
Anorificemetermountedinaprocessgaslineindicatesaflowrateof24
ft3 /min.Thegastemperatureis195o Fandthepressureis62psig.Thegasisa
mixturecontaining70mole%COandthebalanceH 2. Whatisthemassflow
rateofthehydrogeninthegas?
AreactorfeedstreamconsistsofO
2 flowingat32kg/s.Thegasistobe
compressedfrom37o Cand2.8atm absoluteto54o Cand284atm.Whatare
thevolumetricflowratesattheinletandoutlet(neededtoratethe
compressor)?
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
Questions
Apitot tubeindicatesthatthevelocityofastackgasis5.0m/sat175o C.The
stackdiameteris4.0m.AcontinuousstackanalyzerindicatesanSO 2 levelof
2500ppm.Atwhatrateinkg/sisSO 2 beingdischargedintotheatmosphere?
A70.0m 3 tankisratedat2000kPa.If150kgofheliumischargedintothe
tank,whatwillthepressurebe?Howmuchmoreheliumcanbeaddedbefore
theratedpressureisattained?
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
Answers
N e e danequationofstate:relationshipbetweentemperature(T),pressure
(P),volume(V),andnumberofmoles(n)ofagas.
W h atisthisequation?
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
O b j e c t i ve s
A f tercompletingthischapter,youshouldbeabletodothefollowing:
Explainwhatitmeanstoassumeidealgasbehaviour
GivenanythreeofthequantitiesP, V,n, andTforanidealgas,
a)calculatethe4thoneeitherdirectlyfromtheidealgasequationofstateorby
conversionfromstandardconditions;
b)Calculatethedensityofthegas;
c)Testtheassumptionofidealityeitherbyusingaruleofthumbaboutthespecific
volumeorbyestimatingacompressibilityfactorandseeinghowmuchitdiffers
from1.
CarryoutPVTcalculationsforagasusing(a)thevanderWaalsequationofstate, SRK
equationofstate,and(b)thecompressibilityfactorequationofstatewitheither
tabulatedcompressibilityfactorsorageneralised compressibilitychartforasingle
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
speciesandKay’sruleforanonideal mixtureofgases.
FLOWCHARTS
I nChapter4,streamsonflowchartslabeledlikethis:
100mol/s
0.600mol A/mol
0.400mol B/mol
Inthischapter,streamdatajustaslikelytolooklikethis:
250L/s@37oC,800mmHg
pA= 420mmHg(partialpressureofA)
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
M ater i a lBalances
Fo rmaterialbalances,however,westillneedmolesandmolefractions.Thejob
nowbecomesoneoftheconvertingvolumetricflowrates(orvolumes)tomolar
flowrates(ormoles),and(forgases)partialpressuretomolefractions.
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
Convertvolumestomoles
Solids&liquids:usetabulateddensities(volumetomass)&molecular
weights(masstomoles).Mixtures– eitherlookupmixturedensitydataor
assumevolumeadditivityandcalculatedensityfrom
Gases,can’tusetabulateddensities.(Whynot?)Instead,needanequationof
state(EOS)– aformularelatingV, n, T,andP.
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
I D EALGASLAW
PV= nRT
P:absolutepressureV:totalvolumeoccupiedbygas
n:numberofmolesT:absolutetemperature
R:thegasconstant
Applicableatlowpressuresorhightemperatureswhereaveragedistancebetween
moleculesingasisgreatenoughtoneglectmolecularinteractions
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
S ta n d a rdconditions(SC)forgases
RdependsonunitsofP,T,n,
eg.R= 8.314Pa.m3/(mol.K)
SCusefulforconversionfromoneT,Pconditiontoanother
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
I d e a lGasMixture
Give nanidealgasmixturecontainsnmoles
(=nAmolesA+nBmolesB+nCmolesC+..)
inavolumeV
attemperatureT
oftotalpressureP
PartialpressureofcomponentA:
P A
= pressurewouldbeexertedbyn A molesofAalone
insamevolumeVatsameT
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
I d e a lGasMixture(cont.)
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
I d e a lGasMixture(cont.)
I d e a lgaslawappliestomixture:PV=nRT
andtoeachcomponent:PV A=nART
andV
A +V B +…. = V
Inanidealmixture, thevolumefractionofasubstanceequalsitsmol
fraction
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
Rea lGases
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
Rea lGases(cont.)
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
C h a pte r5:Single‐ PhaseSystems
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
E xa m p l e1(cont)
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
HowmuchO
2 canbecontainedina30‐ litrecylinderat– 25o Cand104 kPa.
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
E xa m p l e2(cont)
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
C h a pte r5:Single‐ PhaseSystems
Example2(cont.)
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
EquationsofState
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
E xa m p l e3 ‐ EquationofState
FromExample1:
100mols ofN
2 arecontainedina5‐ litrevesselat ‐ 20.6o C.
Estimatethepressureinthecylinder.
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
E xa m p l e3 ‐ EquationofState(cont.)
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
Rea lGasMixture
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
Rea lGasMixture(cont.)
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
E xa m p l e4 ‐ Kay’sRule
Amixtureof75%H
2 and25%N 2 iscontainedinatankat800atm and70o C.Estimatethe
specificvolumeofmixtureinL/mol.
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
E xa m p l e4 ‐ Kay’sRule
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
O ve ra l lchartshowingtherespectiveportionsofthe
subsequentexpandedcharts.
Figure5.4‐ 1(p.208)
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
G e n e ral i ze dcompressibilitychartforlowpressures
Figure5 42(p209)
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
Figure5. 4‐ 2(p. 209)
Generalizedcompressibilitychart,low
pressures.
Example5 2. 2‐ 5(p. 198)
SolutiontoExample5 2. 2‐ 5(p. 198)
C h a pte r5:Single‐ PhaseSystems

Kết quả (Việt) 2:

5: Single-Phase Systems đơn PHASESYSTEMS Gasbehaviour đa PHASESYSTEMS Gas-Liquidbehaviour C ha pte R5: PhaseSystems đơn Câu hỏi Agasentersareactoratarateof255SCMH (m3 /h).Whatdoesthatmean? Anorificemetermountedinaprocessgaslineindicatesaflowrateof24 ft3 /min.Thegastemperatureis195o Fandthepressureis62psig.Thegasisa mixturecontaining70mole% COandthebalanceH 2. Whatisthemassflow ? rateofthehydrogeninthegas AreactorfeedstreamconsistsofO 2 flowingat32kg / s.Thegasistobe compressedfrom37o Cand2.8atm absoluteto54o Cand284atm.Whatare thevolumetricflowratesattheinletandoutlet (neededtoratethe nén)? Chương 5: Single-giai đoạn hệ thống câu hỏi Apitot tubeindicatesthatthevelocityofastackgasis5.0m / sat175o C.The stackdiameteris4.0m.AcontinuousstackanalyzerindicatesanSO 2 levelof 2500ppm.Atwhatrateinkg / sisSO 2 beingdischargedintotheatmosphere? A70.0m 3 5: Hệ thống Single-giai đoạn trả lời N ee h atisthisequation? Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems O bjecti đã s A f V, n, compressibilitychartforasingle Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems . speciesandKay'sruleforanonideal mixtureofgases sơ đồ tôi nChapter4, streamsonflowchartslabeledlikethis: 100mol / s 0.600mol A / mol 0.400mol B / mol Inthischapter, streamdatajustaslikelytolooklikethis: 250L / s @ 37oC, 800mmHg pA = 420mmHg (partialpressureofA) Chương 5: Single-giai đoạn hệ thống M ater ia lBalances Fo 5: Single-giai đoạn aformularelatingV, n, T, andP. Chương 5: Hệ thống Single-giai đoạn ID EALGASLAW PV = 5: Single-giai đoạn hệ thống S ta rdconditions nda (SC) forgases RdependsonunitsofP, T, n, eg.R = 8.314Pa.m3 / (mol.K) SCusefulforconversionfromoneT, Pconditiontoanother Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems tôi DEA lGasMixture Give pressurewouldbeexertedbyn Một molesofAalone insamevolumeVatsameT Chương 5: Hệ thống Single-giai đoạn I DEA lGasMixture (tt.) Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems (cont.) Tôi DEA lGasMixture tôi DEA lgaslawappliestomixture: PV = nRT andtoeachcomponent: PV A = Nart andV A + VB + .... = V Inanidealmixture, thevolumefractionofasubstanceequalsitsmol phần Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems Rea lGases Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems Rea lGases (tt.) Chương 5: Single-giai đoạn hệ thống Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems C ha pte R5: PhaseSystems đơn Chương 5: Single-giai đoạn hệ thống Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems E xa mpl e1 (tt) Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems HowmuchO 2 canbecontainedina30- litrecylinderat- 25o Cand104 kPa. Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems E xa mpl e2 ( tiếp) Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems C ha pte R5: đơn PhaseSystems Ví dụ 2 (tt). Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems EquationsofState Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems E xa mpl e3 - EquationofState FromExample1: 100mols ofN 2 arecontainedina5- litrevesselat - 20.6o C. . Estimatethepressureinthecylinder Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems E xa mpl e3 - EquationofState (cont.) Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems Rea lGasMixture Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems Rea lGasMixture (cont.) Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems E xa mpl e4 - Kay'sRule Amixtureof75% H 2 and25% N 2 iscontainedinatankat800atm and70o C.Estimatethe specificvolumeofmixtureinL / mol. Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems E xa mpl e4 - Kay'sRule Chương 5: Single-giai đoạn Hệ thống O đã ra l lchartshowingtherespectiveportionsofthe subsequentexpandedcharts. Figure5.4- 1 (p.208) Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems G ene thiên i ze dcompressibilitychartforlowpressures Figure5 42 (p209) Chương 5: Single-Phase Systems Figure5. 4- 2 (209 p.) Generalizedcompressibilitychart, thấp áp lực. Example5 2. 2- 5 (p 198). SolutiontoExample5 2. 2- 5 (p 198). C ha pte R5: PhaseSystems đơn