Human performance has arguably been a defi ning feature in the study of organizational behaviour for a long time. However, recent meta-analytic reviews indicate a need to expand the explications of the criterion domain of both in-role job performance (Hurtz & Donovan, 2000) and discretionary work performance (Hoffman, Blair, Meriac, & Woehr, 2007). While theories of work performance have already incorporated personality, there is a recent call for more sophisticated theory based research that matches specifi c personality constructs to different dimensions of performance (Bartram, 2005; Hogan & Holland, 2003; Johnson, 2003). In addition, it has been argued that personality and performance are distal constructs and any meaningful connection between the two are mediated and moderated by a number of situ-ational factors that vary across contexts (Barrick, Parks, & Mount, 2005; Barrick, Stewart, & Piotrowski, 2002; Hochwarter, Witt, & Kacmar, 2000; Witt, Burke, Barrick, & Mount, 2002). Moreover, the person-situation interac-tionist model of job performance suggests that personal-ity will be expressed as work performance under certain conditions (Tett & Burnett, 2003). Drawing on the inter-actionist perspective, this research focuses on the role of personality as a predictor of job performance with per-sonal and situational factors as moderators.More specifi cally, we were interested in personal factors known to affect individual performance nega-tively. Recent research has highlighted the important role
of emotional exhaustion as a factor that hinders willing-ness to expand effort (Schaufeli & Taris, 2005) leading
to suboptimal functioning (Leiter & Maslach, 2005).
However, as specifi ed by Cropanzano, Rupp, and Byrne
(2003), most studies have focused on the consequences
of emotional exhaustion for individual workers, and have
given relatively little attention to the organizationally
relevant criteria of job performance and organizational
citizenship behaviour (OCB). Given the paucity of
research linking personality, emotional exhaustion, and
performance in organizational settings (Witt, 2004), we
investigated the moderating role of emotional exhaustion
on the personality-individual performance relationship.
Furthermore, we were interested in probing the role of
the quality of the social environment at work in the
expression of personality on work performance behav-iour. Recent research has suggested that perceived safety
climate can act as an enhancing environmental condition
or as a distal antecedent of performance (Wallace &
Chen, 2006). However, research has not directly investi-gated how perceived safety climate acts in enhancing the
expression of personality on work performance behav-iour. Therefore, we assessed the moderating effect of
perceived safety climate on the personality-job perfor-mance relationship.
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