Another leading figure of New Taiwanese Cinema was Edward Yang (Yang Dechang), whose work centred on the contemporary changes of urban culture in Taiwan’s capital city, Taipei. Guling jie shaonian sharen shijian (1991; A Brighter Summer Day) took on Taiwan’s political history in a fashion similar to Hou’s trilogy. Yi yi (2000), a compelling portrait of a family and society, was honoured by the National Society of Film Critics in the United States as the year’s best film released there. Tsai Ming-liang, a filmmaker originally from Malaysia, continued Yang’s scrutiny of contemporary urban mores, albeit with more emphasis on socially marginal characters, in films such as Ching shao nien na cha (1993; Rebels of the Neon God), Aiqing wansui (1994; Vive l’amour), and Ni nei pien chi tien (2001; What Time Is It There?).
HONG KONG
A third Chinese-language film culture emerged in Hong Kong. During the 1960s Hong Kong filmmakers became famous throughout Asia for martial-arts action films. One of the leading directors in the genre was King Hu (Hu Jinquan), who became renowned for films such as Da zui xia (1966; Come Drink with Me), which featured a female warrior. In the 1980s the martial-arts style was extended to crime and gangster films in works such as Diexue shuang xiong (1989; The Killer), directed by John Woo (Wu Yusen). On the strength of his kinetic style, Woo moved to Hollywood and became a major director of action blockbusters in the 1990s. Hong Kong’s “new wave” during the 1980s also produced sumptuous historical melodramas such as Yanzhi hou (1987; Rouge) by Stanley Kwan (Guan Jinpang) and social problem films such as Touben nuhai (1982; Boat People), concerning refugees from Vietnam, and the autobiographical Haktou tsauhan (1990; Song of the Exile), both by Ann Hui (Xu Anhua).
In the 1990s filmmaker Wong Kar-wai drew international acclaim for the Hong Kong style with a series of films made with the Australian cinematographer Christopher Doyle. Their bright palette and swift cutting and camera movement were on display in such works as A-Fei zhengzhuan (1990; Days of Being Wild), Dongxie xidu (1994; Ashes of Time), Chongquing senlin (1994; Chungking Express), and Duoluo tianshi (1995; Fallen Angels). Later, more intimate films, set outside Hong Kong or in the past, were Chungguang zhaxie (1997; Happy Together), in which a gay couple from Hong Kong travel to Argentina, and Huayang nianhua (2000; In the Mood for Love), set in the 1960s.
IRAN
The most surprising rise to prominence of a little-known national cinema during the late 20th century, at least from an outside perspective, occurred in the case of Iran. In the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution (1978–79), some 200 film theatres were destroyed in a campaign against secular media and Western cultural influence, but religious authorities eventually decreed that motion pictures could be valuable for educational purposes. With Hollywood films banned, Iranian filmmakers developed a quiet, contemplative style that mixed actuality and fiction and often involved children as performers and centres of the narrative. Abbas Kiarostami, who before the revolution had made short films for the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults in Iran, gained international acclaim as an avatar of this distinctly Iranian style with films such as Khaneh-ye doost kojast? (1987; Where Is My Friend’s House?), Zendegi va digar hich (1992; And Life Goes On), Zir-e darakhtan-e zitun (1994; Through the Olive Trees), Ta’m e guilass (1997; Taste of Cherry), and Bad mara khahad bourd (1999; The Wind Will Carry Us). For Nema-ye Nazdik (1989; Close-Up), people who were involved in an actual public incident restaged the events for Kiarostami’s camera, a further innovation that filmmakers in Iran and elsewhere emulated.
Moshen Makhmalbaf made his name as a director of such films as Salaam Cinema (1995), Nun va goldoon (1996; A Moment of Innocence), and the visually stunning Gabbeh (1996), and he also served as screenwriter and producer for other family members. Samira Makhmalbaf, his daughter, made a striking debut as a director at age 17 with Sib (1998; The Apple), and Marzieh Meshkini, his wife, made the film Roozi keh zan shodam (2000; The Day I Became a Woman), her first. Other Iranian filmmakers whose works have had international success include Jafar Panahi, with Badkonak-e sefid (1995; The White Balloon), Dayereh (2000; The Circle), and Offside (2006), and Majid Majidi, director of Bachela-Ya aseman (1997; Children of Heaven) and Rang-e khoda (1999; The Color of Heaven).
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..