The literature suggests that greater foreign investment can lead to financial and macroeconomic stability through consumption smoothing, increasing liquidity, improving factor productivity, and promoting domestic investment (Agénor, 2003). A number of studies further suggest that the potential benefits of foreign investment are indirect and work through improvements in structural, institutional, and macroeconomic policy variables (Kose et al., 2009; Lane and Milesi-Ferretti, 2004). Greater foreign investment allows the country to borrow in bad times and lend in good times, lowering fluctuations in consumer demand. By alleviating problems caused by the low saving rate in some developing countries, greater foreign investment can increase physical capital per worker and thus improve both national income and the standard of living. Greater foreign investment may also accelerate both the development and efficiency of domestic financial markets, resulting in higher factor productivity (Levine, 2001). In particular, increasing the number of foreign banks in the domestic economy improves the quality and availability of financial services. It also contributes to stability of the domestic financial system by providing depositors with alternative deposit havens inside the country, thus discouraging capital flight through the transfer of assets abroad. Goldstein and Turner (2004) argue that countries which can attract more foreign investment are better able to face the challenges of financial globalization. Obstfeld (1998) notes that, in an effort to attract more foreign investment, countries adopt more disciplined macroeconomic policies by reducing the frequency of policy mistakes.
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