these centers as well as the substations. The proposed communications infrastructure for SG will have many interconnected systems with various ownership and managementto provide end-to-end services among stake holders as wellas among intelligent devices. Through this communicationsinfrastructure, several new applications can be realized. Forinstance, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) allowsutilities to collect, measure, and analyze energy consumption data; Demand Response (DR) uses the AMI infrastructure to adjust power demands and the prices. Similarly,Wide Area Situational Awareness (WASA) can improvethe monitoring of the power system across large geographic areas. We refer to this communications infrastructure as SG Communications Network hereafter.While there has been an increasing interest in identifying the components of the SG and possible applications[3,4], specific research challenges at each protocol layerhave not been elaborated yet. In particular, several key issues need to be addressed in order to support networkinterconnectivity across the SG communications networks[1] that consists of HANs, NANs and WANs. For instance,security is required since SG will consist of multiple-interconnected networks with diverse underlying communica-tions technologies, ownerships and management. Whileproviding availability and reliability, certain privacy information, such as power usage data from each household,needs to be protected. Furthermore, the communicationsinfrastructure will require network management functionality, network activities, and network devices, includingstatus monitoring, fault detection, isolation, and recovery.Finally, the ability to uniquely identify elements in the network and routing capabilities to all network end points fora wide range of applications with different requirementswill need to be addressed.In this paper, unlike the other existing SG communications surveys, we focus on the routing component of theSG communications. Our goal is fourfold: (1) to facilitatea better understanding of the components of the SG (i.e.,HANs, NANs and WANs), how they interact and where theyare situated in the big picture of the communications network of the SG, (2) to elaborate on the routing design issues in the communications network with respect tovarious SG applications, (3) to survey and categorize theexisting routing approaches for HANs, NANs and WANs,
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