The NetherlandsSection I. External evaluation of schools1. Purpose of external evaluation and responsible bodiesExternal school evaluation is entrusted to the Dutch Inspectorate of Education (77). The inspectorate operates under the supervision of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, but is professionally and organisationally independent.The external evaluation carried out by the inspectorate is intended to both assess the quality of education offered in schools, and encourage schools to maintain and improve the education they offer. In addition, it inspects schools' compliance with financial and other regulations, and reports on the quality of individual institutions and the educational system as a whole. Finally, the external evaluation carried out by the inspectorate aims to supply reliable information on education.In addition to inspecting single schools, the inspectorate carries out thematic inspections for topics that are important for all schools, such as language teaching in primary education or teaching time in secondary education. In addition, the inspectorate produces annual reports describing positive and negative developments in the education system and providing recommendations for improvement.2. EvaluatorsEvaluators are employees of the Dutch inspectorate of education. The inspectorate requires a diploma in higher education, and preferably professional experience and/or knowledge in one or more of the levels of education. Candidates must be able to produce a certificate of good conduct (Verklaring omtrent gedrag).Evaluators receive in-service training, but the content, length, and approach is tailored to the specific educational level.3. Evaluation frameworkThe inspectorate works with several risk-based assessment frameworks (differentiated according to the levels and sectors of education) (78), which incorporate the indicators and standards for assessing the quality of schools.Following the 2008 amendment to the requirements on annual reporting for schools, the inspectorate now operates with a system of risk-based inspection that makes a distinction between: (i) schools ‘at risk’, which receive a full ‘quality inspection’; and (ii) schools ‘to be trusted’, which are visited only once every four years for a ‘basic inspection’.The framework for basic inspection consists of an analysis of students' achievements, quality assurance, aspects of legal compliance and special needs provision and guidance.
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