When a hydrogen atom of an alkane or aromatic hydrocarbon molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms, the hydrocarbon-likepart of the molecule is relatively inert. Therefore, the resulting compoundwill have properties characteristic of the substituting group. Specificgroups of atoms responsible for the characteristic properties of the compound are called functional groups. For the most part, organic compounds can be classified according to the functional group they contain(see Table 14.3). The most important classes of such compounds include:(1) alcohols, (2) ethers, (3) aldehydes, (4) ketones, (5) acids, (6) amines,and (7) esters.
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