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Hernia
Hernia

Diagram of an indirect inguinal hernia (view from the side).
Classification and external resources
Specialty General surgery
ICD-10 K40-K46
ICD-9-CM 550-553
MedlinePlus 000960
eMedicine emerg/251 ped/2559
MeSH D006547
A hernia is the exit of an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides.[1] Hernias come in a number of different types. Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin.[2] Groin hernias are most common of the inguinal type but may also be femoral.[1] Other hernias include hiatus, incisional, and umbilical hernias.[2] For groin hernias symptoms are present in about 66% of people. This may include pain or discomfort especially with coughing, exercise, or going to the toilet. Often it gets worse throughout the day and improves when lying down. A bulging area may occur that becomes larger when bearing down. Groin hernias occur more often on the right than left side. The main concern is strangulation, where the blood supply to part of the bowel is blocked. This usually produces severe pain and tenderness of the area.[1] Hiatus or hiatal hernias often result in heartburn but may also cause chest pain or pain with eating.[3]

Risk factors for the development of a hernia include: smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, pregnancy, peritoneal dialysis, collagen vascular disease, and previous open appendectomy, among others.[1][3][4] Hernias are partly genetic and occur more often in certain families. It is unclear if groin hernias are associated with heavy lifting. Hernias can often be diagnosed based on signs and symptoms. Occasionally medical imaging is used to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other possible causes.[1] The diagnosis of hiatus hernias is often by endoscopy.[3]

Groin hernias that do not cause symptoms in males do not need to be repaired. Repair, however, is generally recommended in women due to the higher rate of femoral hernias which have more complications. If strangulation occurs immediate surgery is required. Repair may be done by open surgery or by laparoscopic surgery. Open surgery has the benefit of possibly being done under local anesthesia rather than general anesthesia. Laparoscopic surgery generally has less pain following the procedure.[1] A hiatus hernia may be treated with lifestyle changes such as raising the head of the bed, weight loss, and adjusting eating habits. The medications, H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors may help. If the symptoms do not improve with medications the surgery known as laparoscopic fundoplication may be an option.[3]

About 27% of males and 3% of females develop a groin hernia at some time in their life.[1] Groin hernias occur most often before the age of one and after the age of fifty.[4] Inguinal, femoral and abdominal hernias resulted in 51,000 deaths in 2013 and 55,000 in 1990.[5] It is not known how commonly hiatus hernias occur with estimates in North America varying from 10 to 80%.[3] The first known description of a hernia dates back to at least 1550 BC in the Ebers Papyrus from Egypt.[6]

Signs and symptoms

Causes

Diagnosis

Treatment

Complications

Epidemiology

References

External links

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Last edited 12 days ago by Naniwako
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Kết quả (Việt) 1:

Chỉnh sửaXem Trang nàyThoát vịThoát vịSơ đồ của một thoát vị bẹn gián tiếp (xem từ phía bên).Phân loại và các nguồn lực bên ngoàiNgoại tổng quát đặc biệtICD-10 K40-K46ICD-9-CM 550-553MedlinePlus 000960eMedicine ped/emerg/251 2559Lưới D006547Một thoát vị là lối ra của một cơ quan, chẳng hạn như ruột, thông qua các bức tường của khoang trong đó nó thường cư trú. [1] hernias đến trong một số loại khác nhau. Phổ biến nhất, họ liên quan đến vùng bụng, cụ thể háng. [2] bẹn hernias là phổ biến nhất của loại bẹn nhưng cũng có thể xương đùi. [1] thoát vị khác bao gồm gián đoạn, rạch, và rốn hernias. [2] cho bẹn thoát vị triệu chứng có mặt trong khoảng 66% số người. Điều này có thể bao gồm đau hoặc khó chịu đặc biệt là với ho, tập thể dục hoặc đi vào nhà vệ sinh. Thường thì nó bị nặng hơn suốt cả ngày và cải thiện khi nằm. Một khu vực phồng lên có thể xảy ra mà trở nên lớn hơn khi mang. Thoát vị bẹn xảy ra thường xuyên hơn bên phải hơn bên trái. Mối quan tâm chính là cách bóp cổ, mà cung cấp máu cho một phần của ruột bị chặn. Điều này thường tạo ra đau dữ dội và dịu dàng của khu vực. [1] gián đoạn hoặc hiatal hernias thường dẫn đến chứng ợ nóng nhưng có thể cũng gây ra đau ngực hoặc đau với ăn uống. [3]Risk factors for the development of a hernia include: smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, pregnancy, peritoneal dialysis, collagen vascular disease, and previous open appendectomy, among others.[1][3][4] Hernias are partly genetic and occur more often in certain families. It is unclear if groin hernias are associated with heavy lifting. Hernias can often be diagnosed based on signs and symptoms. Occasionally medical imaging is used to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other possible causes.[1] The diagnosis of hiatus hernias is often by endoscopy.[3]Groin hernias that do not cause symptoms in males do not need to be repaired. Repair, however, is generally recommended in women due to the higher rate of femoral hernias which have more complications. If strangulation occurs immediate surgery is required. Repair may be done by open surgery or by laparoscopic surgery. Open surgery has the benefit of possibly being done under local anesthesia rather than general anesthesia. Laparoscopic surgery generally has less pain following the procedure.[1] A hiatus hernia may be treated with lifestyle changes such as raising the head of the bed, weight loss, and adjusting eating habits. The medications, H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors may help. If the symptoms do not improve with medications the surgery known as laparoscopic fundoplication may be an option.[3]About 27% of males and 3% of females develop a groin hernia at some time in their life.[1] Groin hernias occur most often before the age of one and after the age of fifty.[4] Inguinal, femoral and abdominal hernias resulted in 51,000 deaths in 2013 and 55,000 in 1990.[5] It is not known how commonly hiatus hernias occur with estimates in North America varying from 10 to 80%.[3] The first known description of a hernia dates back to at least 1550 BC in the Ebers Papyrus from Egypt.[6]Signs and symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Complications Epidemiology References External links Read in another languageLast edited 12 days ago by Naniwako® MobileDesktopContent is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted.