Contingency theory has also been applied to the subunit level of organizational behavior. Hayes (1977) examined the appropriateness of management accounting in order to measure the effectiveness of different departments in large organizations and found that contingency factors or contingencies were the major predictors of effectiveness for production departments. Hayes (1977) also advocated the use of contingency theory in studies of organizational assessment and subunit evaluation. Hayes’ study hypothesized three major contingencies affecting sub-unit performance: internal factors, interdependency factors and environmental factors. The results of the study suggest that the underlying causal variables should be studied rather than just narrowly examining surrogates. The results also implied that a contingency approach should be taken to managerial accounting and the relevant assessment methods should be determined by subunit type, subunit interrelationships and the extent of environmental influence on the performance of subunits.
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