Previous chapters review the architectural foundations of internetworking, describehow hosts and routers forward Internet datagrams, and present mechanisms used to mapIP addresses to physical network addresses. This chapter considers the structure of thesoftware found in hosts and routers that carries out network communication. It presentsthe general principle of layering, shows how layering makes Internet Protocol softwareeasier to understand and build, and traces the path of datagrams through the protocolsoftware they encounter when traversing a TCP/IP internet.
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