5.1.1 Choice of iron fortificantTechnically, iron is the most challenging micronutrient to add to foods, becausethe iron compounds that have the best bioavailability tend to be those that interact most strongly with food constituents to produce undesirable organolepticchanges. When selecting a suitable iron compound as a food fortificant, theoverall objective is to find the one that has the greatest absorbability, i.e. thehighest relative bioavailability1(RBV) compared with ferrous sulfate, yet at the same time does not cause unacceptable changes to the sensory properties(i.e. taste, colour, texture) of the food vehicle. Cost is usually another importantconsideration.A wide variety of iron compounds are currently used as food fortificants(Ta ble 5.1). These can be broadly divided into three categories: (224–226)—water soluble;—poorly water soluble but soluble in dilute acid;—water insoluble and poorly soluble in dilute acid.
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