A snowflake originates from countle

A snowflake originates from countless water molecules that initially come together in small groups as a result of a weak attractive force between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. The same forces subsequently organize the groups into a frozen molecular crystal, a perfectly organized lattice of molecules. Finally, several molecular crystals join to form a snowflake. Scientists have realized for some time that the forces that assemble molecules into natural crystals can be utilized to produce a variety of important materials. They have determined the structure of more than 90,000 different molecular crystals, the most common examples of which are aspirin and mothballs.

In recent years, researchers have studied how molecules organize themselves to form crystals in the hope of better understanding what types of molecules and what conditions will produce molecular crystals with unusual and useful properties. Scientists are aware that the material properties of a crystal depend in large part on the organization of the molecules in the crystal, yet they know little about the factors controlling the assembly of such crystals.

Synthesizing a molecular crystal is similar to designing a building. Before construction can begin, the architect must specify the shapes and sizes of the girders and the number and placement of the rivets. Similarly, to produce new molecular crystals, chemists must choose molecules of the appropriate sizes and shapes and select the molecular forces that will hold the crystals together. A chemist can normally find many molecules of various shapes and sizes, but the challenge is to find ones that assemble in a predictable manner.

Kết quả (Tiếng Indonesia) 1:

Kepingan salju berasal dari molekul air yang tak terhitung jumlahnya yang awalnya datang bersama-sama dalam kelompok-kelompok kecil sebagai akibat dari kekuatan menarik yang lemah antara atom oksigen dan hidrogen. Kekuatan yang sama kemudian mengatur kelompok ke molekul kristal beku, kisi-kisi sempurna terorganisir molekul. Akhirnya, beberapa molekul kristal bergabung untuk membentuk kepingan salju. Para ilmuwan telah menyadari untuk beberapa waktu bahwa kekuatan yang merakit molekul menjadi kristal alami dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan berbagai bahan penting. Mereka telah menentukan struktur molekul berbeda lebih dari 90.000 kristal, contoh yang paling umum yang adalah aspirin dan kapur barus.Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, para peneliti telah mempelajari bagaimana molekul mengatur diri mereka sendiri untuk bentuk kristal dengan harapan apa jenis molekul pemahaman yang lebih baik dan apa syarat akan menghasilkan molekul kristal dengan sifat-sifat yang tidak biasa dan berguna. Para ilmuwan menyadari bahwa sifat-sifat materi kristal tergantung sebagian besar pada organisasi molekul-molekul dalam kristal, namun mereka tahu sedikit tentang faktor-faktor yang mengendalikan Majelis kristal tersebut.Synthesizing a molecular crystal is similar to designing a building. Before construction can begin, the architect must specify the shapes and sizes of the girders and the number and placement of the rivets. Similarly, to produce new molecular crystals, chemists must choose molecules of the appropriate sizes and shapes and select the molecular forces that will hold the crystals together. A chemist can normally find many molecules of various shapes and sizes, but the challenge is to find ones that assemble in a predictable manner.