Giving and receiving feedback is a vital step in the communication process as it ensures that the intended message has been both received and understood Complete Activity 1Theories of communication:Model1:Communication can be described as processes of information transmission governed by three levels of semiotic rules1/ Syntactic:Formal properties of signs and symbols 2/ Pragmatic:Concerned with the relations between signs, expressions and their users 3/ Semantic:Study of relationships between signs and symbols and what they represent Model 2:Communication is information or content (e.g . a message in natural language) is in some from ( as in spoken language) , from a sender/encoder to a destination/receiver/decoderModel3:Theories of co-regulation describe communication as a creative and dynamic continuous process, rather than a discrete exchange of information Types of communication One –way communicationThe flow of communication is one-way from the communicator to the receiver, for example, as in a lectureAdvantages of one-way communication- Considerably faster than two-way communication- Appears and efficient to an outsider observer- Sender is more psychologically comfortable- Is more systematic and easier to planDisadvantages of one-way communication:- Knowledge is imposed- Learning is authoritative - Little audience participation- No feedback- Little influence on human behaviourTwo-way communicationBoth sender and receiver take partAdvantages of two-way communication- The process of learning is active and democratic- It is more likely to influence behaviour than one way communication(Psychiatric nursing: open access articles on mental health)Factors influencing communication- Health and disability- Values, beliefs and religion- Emotions- Socio-cultural background - Education- Age- EnvironmentBarriers to effective communication Filtering and selective perception:Internationally manipulating information and selectively seeing and hearing only what the person wishes to
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