XÃ HỘI DOANH NGHIỆP VIỆT NAM TRONG CUỘC KHỦNG HOẢNG KINH TẾ: MỘT NGHIÊN CỨU TRƯỜNG HỢP CỦA BUỔI SÁNG NGÔI SAO TRUNG TÂMBùi thị hương LanKhoa tài chính ngân hàng, ĐHQG đại học kinh tế và kinh doanhTóm tắtNgày nay, doanh nghiệp xã hội là một xu hướng mới ở Việt Nam. Mặc dù Việt Nam có các doanh nghiệp xã hội hiện nay gần 200, nó vẫn là một khái niệm mới không chỉ với những người bình thường mà còn với các doanh nhân tại Việt Nam. Điều này dẫn đến hàng loạt những khó khăn và thách thức mà các doanh nghiệp xã hội đang phải đối mặt như là giới hạn nâng cao nhận thức về các doanh nghiệp xã hội, không có khung pháp lý cho các doanh nghiệp xã hội hoặc thách thức liên quan đến nguồn nhân lực... Đặc biệt trong giai đoạn khủng hoảng kinh tế, các doanh nghiệp xã hội phải đối mặt với khó khăn về thiếu vốn và giới hạn khả năng truy cập tài chính từ các công ty, tổ chức phi chính phủ, là nguồn tài nguyên tài trợ tiềm năng của các doanh nghiệp xã hội ở Việt Nam. Báo cáo nghiên cứu này sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu điển hình về một trong các doanh nghiệp xã hội được thành lập đầu tiên tại Việt Nam: sáng ngôi sao Trung tâm-một trung tâm phát hiện sớm và chữa trị cho trẻ em Khuyết tật trí tuệ tại Hà Nội từ năm 2008 đến nay. Làm thế nào công ty liên kết với nhà nước hoặc các tổ chức khác để phát triển bền vững? Thông qua phân tích "Hệ sinh thái của các doanh nghiệp xã hội tại Vương Quốc Anh" với Trung tâm này, các nghiên cứu muốn kiểm tra coincident của mô hình này với trường hợp nghiên cứu và lớn hơn là các doanh nghiệp xã hội ở Việt NamKeywords: social enterprise, ecosystem of social enterprise in UK, economic crisis, Morning Star center.INTRODUCTIONEntrepreneurs established companies to provide products and services for profit. Like that, social entrepreneurs also established and operating organizations or enterprises to make real idea and create products which help government or social resolve social issues and environment. But nowadays, have many different ways to defined about social enterprise and there is no universally accepted definition of this concept. OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) has defined social enterprise as: “any private activity conducted in the public interest, organized with an entrepreneurial strategy but whose mail purpose is not the maximization of profit but the attainment of certain economic and social goals, and which has a capacity of bringing innovative solutions to the problems of social exclusion and unemployment” . Government agencies about the Social Enterprise Regulatory Reform, UK defined: "A social enterprise is a business unit with the social objectives whose surpluses are due primarily reinvested into the business industrial or community purposes mentioned above instead of finding ways to maximize profit for shareholders and owners" . In Vietnam, Center for Social Initiatives Promote (CSIP) defined that "Social entrepreneurship is a creative approach to market-oriented to address the underlying causes of social problems and environmental most acute. It makes the changes and make the system sustainable measures" .Other organizations have other definitions about this concept, based on development stage of each country and region, as well as specific characteristic or priorities of each organization. However, we can summary some basic attributes about social enterprise:• As an organizations for social purpose detail.• Get social benefits as their main goals, led by the entrepreneurial spirit in order to achieve the objective social / environmental and economic goals.• Create products or services to tackle social issues and the environment.• Profits are used to support activities for social purposes, such reinvestment, sponsored social programs, or profit sharingVietnam has about nearly 200 social enterprises which work main forms such as: company, co-operative, center, association/club in 2010 (CSIP, 2011, p13)… It has brought various values for its beneficiaries including people whose awareness are improved, and/or earning jobs, and/or receiving financial etc… There are 6 types of social values created by social enterprises in Vietnam :1. Nurturing and/or providing material aids to disadvantaged people through charity programs2. Contributing to hunger and poverty reduction, life stabilization, and income improvement through education, vocational training, knowledge equipment, skill improvement.3. Improving public awareness on social, environment, education, health problems…for targeted communities.4. Caring health and spirit through activities such as health care, networking, community integration, capability enhancement…5. Creating opportunities to acquire lawful rights and benefits for beneficiary groups.6. Others: The remaining ones including: creating good staff for community development, contribution to building and implementing State orientation and policies.Table 1: Beneficiaries of social enterprises in Vietnam (people)No Forms SE quantity Beneficiaries quantity Average beneficiary quantity per SE1 Company 50 143,273 2,8652 Co-operative 17 2,409 1423 Center 55 89,337 1,6244 Association/Club 25 58,586 2,3435 Other 20 84,073 4,204 Total 167 377,678 2,262Source: CSIP, 2011, p15Table 2: Economic value generated by social enterpirses (VND)No Forms SE quantity Value generated Average generated value per SE1 Company 50 77,806,193,240 1,556,123,8652 Co-operative 17 23,985,493,550 1,410,911,3853 Center 55 48,774,489,000 886,808,8914 Association/Club 25 32,545,700,000 1,301,828,0005 Other 20 71,705,613,920 3,585,280,696 Total 167 254,817,489,710 1,525,853,232Source: CSIP, 2011, p15In the context of the current economic crisis in Vietnam, social enterprise is new ways for business organizations. Have many social enterprises have proved that have many advantages for the development of comprehensive. But the awareness of society and the State of the roles about the significance of social enterprise model is limited by other reasons. Many Vietnam’s social enterprises are still finding the suitable model for environment in Vietnam, special in economic crisis from 2008 to now. Therefore, this research will analyse a typical case study of a social enterprise to find advantages and disadvantages of this type of business in economic research. In this report, author also uses “Ecosystem of Social enterprise in UK” to apply for this social enterprise which is considered. This is the groundwork to verifies a suitable ecosystem between social enterprise with state and society.On the basis, the study research on the theme: “Social enterprise of Vietnam in economic crisis: A case study of Morning Star Center”, aimed at the main objective: use “Ecosystem of social enterprise in UK” to analysis a case of Morning Star Center in economic crisis from 2008 to now. After that, the research has a lot of results about the suitability of this model when applied to a typical social enterprise of Vietnam.In order to complete this report, author visited, met and interviewed Morning Star Center which is a typical social enterprise of Vietnam. During the process research, author has experienced great cooperation and enthusiasm from directorate of Morning Star Center. Therefore, on this occasion I would like to thank the directorate and staffs in Morning Star Center helped me complete this research.MODEL
In this study, we used a model of the ecosystem of social enterprises in the UK to apply to a typical social enterprise in Vietnam to examine the suitability and evaluate the development of social enterprises and the recognition and support of the organizations concerned with the development of social enterprises in Vietnam. This is a very successful model in the UK, are applied and tested with many social enterprises in this country from 2007 to present. The paper is also placed in the context of the economic crisis from 2008 to present for the testing of the model is the most accurate.
In this model, five organizations highlighted a direct impact on the development of social enterprises:
• State
• Financial Organizations
• Education
• Communication
• Intermediary Organizations
In each of the organizations involved have different influence on the operation and development of social enterprises. As in the model, we can see the operation of the 4 factors, along with the help of the integrated intermediary organizations will help social enterprises for sustainable development. Especially during the current crisis, the development of social enterprises is necessary and will create a positive impact on the economy of each country and the world.
In 2006, British Government launched the Social Enterprise’s Action Plan. They have provided the following incentive toward Social Enterprise:
• Continuing the strengthen social enterprise’s culture through capacity programme, to promote communication, research and assessment on social impact (SROI).
• Strengthening consultation and information for the establishment and development of social enterprises: the government committed the devote resources to support social enterprise activities such as business development (6 million pounds), building consultative skills and providing intensive support (6 million pounds) and support social enterprises modernization in time of crisis (8 million pounds)
• Create opportunities for social enterprise to access to capital and to diversify form of investment. Approximately 315 million pounds has been mobilized to support social enterprise.
• Facilitate opportunities for co-operation between social enterprise and Government.
• In 2012, the UK Prime Minister David Cameron launched a Social Vision of the Big Society such as: Big Society Capital Bank, National Citizen Service, The Community Organisers program, Community First… It has created a great “Ecosystem” to development in UK.
Picture1: “Ecosystem of Social enterprise in UK”
Source: Simon Beardow, 2011
CASE STUDY OF MORNING STAR CENTER
Background about Morning Star Center
The issues related to
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