Lactic acid purification
Lactic acid purification is one of the most costly steps of the production process (Abdel-Rahmanet al., 2011; Tonget al., 2004). Great attention should be paid to the addition of low-cost residues or other nutrients to the medium, because removal of impurities can significantly increase the costs of purification steps (B€uy€ukkileci & Harsa, 2004). Methods to reduce impurities in the final product include extraction (J€arvinen, Myllykoski, Keiski, & Sohlo, 2000), membrane separation (Persson, J€onsson, & Zacchi, 2001), ion exchange (Moldes, Alonso, &
Parajo, 2001a), electrodialysis (Bailly, 2002) and distillation with chemical reaction (Choi & Hong, 1999; Edreder, Mujtaba, & Emtir, 2011). According to Khunnonkwao, Boontawan, Haltrich,
Maischberger, and Boontawan (2012), distillation is extremely difficult owing to the low volatility of lactic acid, and electrodialysis cannot separate charged components
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..