4. Selection of the appropriate bioassayDifferent screening approaches are available to identify the primary pharmacological activity in chemical and/or natural products. The screening option will largely depend on the specific nature of the disease being targeted and on the availability of practical and biologically validated laboratory models. As illustrated in Fig. 2, four levels of screening can be identified and the most rewarding strategy is to opt for models that remain as close as possible to the final target, i.e. the patient. In that respect, some compromises will have to be made for throughput, labour-intensiveness, costs and compound requirements. Whenever possible, activities discovered at one particular screening level should be confirmed using a model in the next higher evaluation level. For example, results obtained in a subcellular (enzymatic) screen should be confirmed against the whole organism. A good in vitro activity against the whole organism should then be linked to a confirmation test in an animal model.
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