Ginsenosides are the important pharmacologically activecomponents of Panax ginseng roots, which are having antitumor,anti-stress, anti-aging, antioxidant and immunomodulationactivities (Attle et al. 1999). Ginsenosideproduction by cell, hairy and adventitious root culture hasbeen successful (Wu and Zhong 1999; Yu et al. 2005) andculture of ginseng adventitious roots has been advocated asan alternative for ginsenoside production because of theirsafety, stability and easy management compared to hairyroot cultures and field cultivation (Kim et al. 2004).Optimization of secondary metabolites production inplant cell and organ cultures depends on various factors.Strain improvement, methods of selection of high-producingcell lines or clones, and medium optimization canlead to the enhancement of biomass and secondarymetabolite production (Dornenburg and Knorr 1995). It hasbeen known for many years that inoculum density is animportant parameter affecting the performance of suspendedplant cells, tissues and organ cultures. Plantsuspensions are initiated using relatively high-inoculumdensity as there is a minimum ðinoculation density belowwhich growth does not occur or is preceded by a lag phase.The actual value of this minimum depends on the cell line,medium composition and other culture conditions. Mediumconditioning can be used to reduce the minimum inoculumdensity; however, the chemical basis of the conditioningeffect has not been fully defined and is primarily empirical(Lee and Shuler 2000). Inoculum size has been givenimportance during plant cell cultures but not during organcultures, very few investigations have been carried out onthe effect of inoculation conditions on hairy root cultures(Berlin et al. 1986; Kanokwaree and Doran 1997) and noreports exist in the literature on adventitious root culture.
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