The facilities in the production system are the factory, production machines and tooling, material handling equipment, inspection equipment, and the computer systems that controlthe manufacturing operations. Facilities also include the plant layout, which is the way theequipment is physically arranged in the factory. The equipment is usually organized intological groupings, and we refer to these equipment arrangements and the workers who operate them as the manufacturing systems in the factory. Manufacturing systems can be individual work cells, consisting of a single production machine and worker assigned to thatmachine. We more commonly think of manufacturing systems as groups of machines andworkers, for example, a production line. The manufacturing systems come in direct physical contact with the parts and/or assemblies being made. They "touch" the product.A manufacturing company attempts to organize its facilities in the most efficient wayto serve the particular mission of that plant. Over the years, certain types of production facilities have come to be recognized as the most appropriate way to organize for a given typeof manufacturing. Of course, one of the most important factors that determine the type ofmanufacturing is the type of products that are made. Our book is concerned primarily with
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