Granger (1998) and Enders and Siklos (2001) assume that the asymmetricadjustments come from the positive and negative values of thelong-run error. In this study, we establish the threshold autoregressivemodel to examine the existence of the asymmetric long-run equilibriumrelation (cointegration). Our model is as follows:Δet = Itρ1et−1+ 1− It ð Þρ2et−1 + et ; ð3Þwhere It is an indicator variable and is specified asIt = 1 if et−1 z τ0 if et−1 b τ :ð4ÞEq. (4) says that when et−1 is greater than or equal to thethreshold value τ, the adjustment coefficient is ρ1 and the adjustmentmargin equals ρ1et−1. When et−1 is less than τ, the adjustmentcoefficient is ρ2 and the adjustment margin equals ρ2et−1.
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