The main disadvantage of a holding company involves partial multiple taxation. Provided the holding company owns at least 80%of a subsidiary’s voting stock, the IRS permits the filing of consolidated returns, in which case dividends received by the parent arenot taxed. However, if less than 80% of the stock is owned, then tax returns cannot beconsolidated. Firms that own more than 20% but less than 80% of another corporationcan deduct 80% of the dividends received, whereas firms that own less than 20% maydeduct only 70% of the dividends received. This partial double taxation somewhat offsets the benefits of holding company control with limited ownership, but whether thetax penalty is sufficient to offset other possible advantages varies from case to case.
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