6.2. SmectitesSmectite is the group name for several hydrated sodium, calcium, magnesium,iron, and lithium aluminum silicates. The individual mineralnames in the group are sodium montmorillonite, calcium montmorillonite,saponite (Mg), nontronite (Fe), and hectorite (Li). The rock termbentonite is commonly used for these minerals and was defined by Rossand Shannon (1926) as a clay material altered from a glassy igneousFig. 16. Typical particle size distribution of soft kaolins: Georgia (dashed line) andBrazil (solid line).Fig. 17. Diagrammatic representation of the relationship between particle packing andviscosity.24 Applied Clay Mineralogymaterial, usually volcanic ash. Grim and Guven (1978) used the termbentonite for any clay which was dominantly comprised of a smectitemineral without regard to its origin. Those bentonites that are used industriallyare predominantly comprised of either sodium montmorillonite,calcium montmorillonite, or, to a much lesser extent, hectorite.
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