In order to account for the asymmetrical response of the REER tooil price boom–bust cycles, we use a price decomposition drawnfrom the energy demand literature that emphasizes the asymmetricalresponses of energy demand to price increases and decreases.7 Weuse the following three-way decomposition of the oil export unitvalue: the cumulating series of increases in the maximum historicalprice, the cumulating series of price cuts, and the cumulating seriesof price recoveries (sub-maximum increases in price). The decompositionis as follows:where oevmaxi,t consists of the cumulative increases in maximum historicaloil unit export value for country i at time t; it is monotonicallynon-decreasing that is Δoevmaxi,t≥0. oevmini,t consists of the cumulativedecreases in oil unit export value; it is monotonicallynon-increasing that is Δoevmini,t≤0. oevreci,t consists of the cumulativesub-maximum increases in oil export value; it is monotonicallynon-decreasing that is Δoevreci,t≥0. For illustration purposes, Figs. 5and 6 in Appendix E depict the dynamics of the logarithm of the oilexport unit value oev for Cameroon and UAE respectively and theirdecomposition into three price series over time. These figures suggestthat the dynamics of the various oil price components differ signifi-cantly across countries
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