IntroductionIn the late Edo period, the Verklaaring der Korte Stellingen van Herman Boerhaave, over de Kennis en Geneezing der Ziektens (Commentary on the Aphorisms of Herman Boerhaave Concerning the Knowledge and Treatment of Diseases, 1763-76; hereafter, Commentary on the Aphorisms), was imported to Japan. This work was the Dutch translation of the theoretical medical treatise Commentaria in Hermanni Boerhaave Aphorismos de Cognoscendis et Curandis Morbis(1742-72) by Gerard van Swieten (1700-72), which was in turn a commentary on Aphorismi de Cognoscendis et Curandis Morbis(1709) by Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738), the founder of the Leiden School. The scholar of Dutch studies Tsuboi Shindō 坪井信道 (1795-1848) completed an abridged translation into Japanese in 1826 under the title Manbyō chijun万病治準 (Standards of Treatment for All Diseases).
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