Non-bite transmission of rabies virus is believed to be through aerosolized inhalation of bat saliva, urine, and/or feces. Droplets containing the virus can pass through mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, mouth, or intestine. Experiments in the early 1960s by Dr. Denny Constantine, a veterinarian, in Texas demonstrated transmission of the virus to animals such as caged coyotes and foxes who had been placed inside Frio Cave with bats. Some of the animals cages were designed to exclude the bats while others were permeable to them. All the test animals became infected with the rabies virus. The conditions in the cave were severe with high temperatures and an ammonia haze rising from the bat guano.[3] In 1967, rabies virus was isolated from the air in Frio Cave.[4][5]Air-borne transmission of rabies virus between bats has been shown to be possible since rabies virus has been isolated from the nasal mucosa of bats who are naturally infected with the virus.[6][7]
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