3. Measures and Hypotheses
The measures for this study are corporate culture and organizational commitment. The study seeks to examine the relationship between the two variables, with corporate culture viewed as the independent variable while organizational commitment is viewed as the dependent variable.
3.1 Corporate Culture
The definition of corporate culture, initially focused on distinguishing levels of corporate culture and classifying culture as strong or weak cultures (Handy, 1976; Peters and Waterman, 1982). Many definitions of corporate culture gave primacy to the cognitive components suchas assumptions, beliefs, and values (Denison, 1990; Handy, 1993; Mclean and Marshal, 1993). Other definitions include behaviours and artifacts, leading to acommon distinction between the visible and the hidden levels of corporate culture (Schein, 1985).
There are two perspectives in understanding corporate culture, the symbolic interactionist perspective (Blumer, 1969; Coolgy, 1922; Mead, 1934) and the social – anthropological perspective (Kluckhohn, 1951). The symbolic interactionist perspective view the exchange of symbols as the basis for the shared meaning for a group of social actors. Recognizing and using these symbols entails developing a ‘self’ defined in terms of culturally specified symbols. Stemming from this perspective myths (Eliade, 1959), archetypes (Mitroft, 1984), and stories and ideologies (Starbuck, 1982) are often useful in explaining objectively organizational features as they embody and articulate the identity of organizational members. The socialanthropological perspective view culture as socially constructed. The two perspectives have taken a contingency approach (Lawrence and Lorch, 1967) that argue that different environmental conditions give rise to and are consistent with different patterns of behaviour and cultures within organizations.
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