Chemistry Coffee beans contain up to 3% caffeine (Fig. 41.1 ). Other related compounds are trigonelline and chlorogenic acid. Caffeine is responsible for physiological activities resulting in powerful stimulation of the central nervous system, which affects many functions. It has over 50% carbohydrates, over 10% protein, and about 2% free amino acids and polyphenols. Polyphenols contribute toward astringency. The aroma of roasted coffee is a result of hundreds of compounds. They include alicyclic compounds, aromatic compounds, and heterocyclic compounds. Heterocyclic compounds are very important for aroma and include furans, pyrazines, pyrroles, thiophenes, and thiazoles .
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