Within this category of iron fortificants, the ferric phosphate compounds –ferric orthophosphate and ferric pyrophosphate – are used to fortify rice, andsome infant cereals and chocolate-containing foods. They have a modest ironbioavailability: the relative bioavailability of ferric pyrophosphate is reported tobe 21–74%, and that of ferric orthophosphate, 25–32%. However, the relativebioavailability of the ferric phosphates may change during the processing of afood (227,228).Elemental iron powders are used in a number of countries to fortify cereals,but the bioavailabilities of the different forms of elemental iron that are currentlyavailable (Ta ble 5.1) are not well established (229). The solubility of elementaliron is very dependent on the size, shape and surface area of the iron particles(characteristics which are governed by the manufacturing process1), as well asthe composition of the meals in which it is consumed.
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