Figure 42. Another illustration of

Figure 42. Another illustration of one of the early experiments with
a tuned transformer in the laboratory at South Fifth Avenue.
(Article by T.C. Martin ["Tesla's Oscillator and Other Inventions"],
Century Magazine, April 1895, Fig. 9, p. 926.)
This [instrument shown in Fig. 42] was used in the laboratory on South
Fifth Avenue. Here [large circular disc lying on top of coil] is the tuning
table with the condensers, a thick primary, and another secondary wire.
Sometimes I would operate with two vibrations and I would tune the first
circuit to one and the second to the other. Here [referring to cabinets in
back of room] you see some of my historical apparatus. Professor
Fairfield Osborn[*] came once to my laboratory and said to me, "Why on
earth do you keep it in this laboratory?" I had all of this apparatus, 400
pieces, absolutely priceless, and he offered to take it over to the
Museum. But I did not heed his advice, and it is gone.
Counsel : Where were the waves sent from?
Tesla : The whole room was energized by electromagnetic waves and
the receiver responded at any place in the hall. The hall was bigger than
this room [shown in Fig. 42], twice as long, and anywhere the intensity
of action was the same. These discs [vertical, on top of tuning table]
were, I think, about 14 or 15 inches in diameter, and you could see the
streamers [shown as white between the discs] anywhere in the room. In
a hall twice as long as this, wherever I placed the instrument, it would
respond to the electromagnetic waves.
Counsel : In this particular instance you are speaking of, the waves were generated right there at 35 South Fifth
Avenue?
Tesla : Yes.
Counsel : Was that the apparatus in which you had the primaries running entirely around the room?
Tesla : Yes. This was shown to many people and societies. This [Fig. 43] shows the first single step I made toward the
evolution of an apparatus which, given primary oscillations, will transform them into oscillations capable of penetrating
the medium. That experiment, which was marvelous at the time it was performed, was shown for the first time in 1894. I
remember the incident perfectly. I called Mr. Edward Adams, the banker, to come and see it, and he was the first man to
observe it and to hear my explanation of what it meant.
Figure 43. Apparatus in action illustrating the first step in the
evolution of the magnifying transmitter in the laboratory at 35 South
Fifth Avenue. (Article by T.C. Martin ["Tesla's Oscillator and Other
Inventions"], Century Magazine, April 1895, Fig. 15, p. 932.)
This coil, which I have subsequently shown in my patents Nos. 645,576
and 649,621, in the form of a spiral, was, as you see, [earlier] in the form
of a cone. The idea was to put the coil, with reference to the primary, in
an inductive connection which was not close -- we call it now a loose
http://www.frank.germano.com/tesla_alternate.htm (18 of 20)2004/11/22 09:47:56 AM
Nikola Tesla On His Work With Alternating Currents
coupling -- but free to permit a great resonant rise. That was the first
single step, as I say, toward the evolution of an invention which I have
called my "magnifying transmitter." That means, a circuit connected to
ground and to the antenna, of a tremendous electromagnetic momentum
and small damping factor, with all the conditions so determined that an
immense accumulation of electrical energy can take place. It was along
this line that I finally arrived at the results described in my article in the
Century Magazine of June 1900. [Fig. 43] shows an alternator; not the
alternator that was furnished for my laboratory on Houston Street -- that
was another one, [but] at 35 South Fifth Avenue [and] operated on the
same principle. Here [lower left] are the condensers, primary, and all the
rest. The discharge there was 5 or 6 feet, comparatively small to what I
subsequently obtained. I have produced discharges of 100 feet, and
could produce some of 1,000 feet if necessary, with the greatest facility.
Counsel : Mr. Tesla, at that point, what did you mean by electromagnetic
momentum?
Tesla : I mean that you have to have in the circuit, inertia. You have to have a large self-inductance in order that you
may accomplish two things: First, a comparatively low frequency, which will reduce the radiation of the electromagnetic
waves to a comparatively small value, and second, a great resonant effect. That is not possible in an antenna, for
instance, of large capacity and small self-inductance. A large capacity and small self-inductance is the poorest kind of
circuit which can be constructed; it gives a very small resonant effect. That was the reason why in my experiments in
Colorado the energies were 1,000 times greater than in the present antennae.
Counsel : You say the energy was 1,000 times greater. Do you mean that the voltage was increased, or the current, or
both?
Tesla : Yes [both]. To be more explicit, I take a very large self-inductance and a comparatively small capacity, which I
have constructed in a certain way so that the electricity cannot leak out. I thus obtain a low frequency; but, as you know,
the electromagnetic radiation is proportionate to the square root of the capacity divided by the self-induction. I do not
permit the energy to go out; I accumulate in that circuit a tremendous energy. When the high potential is attained, if I
want to give off electromagnetic waves, I do so, but I prefer to reduce those waves in quantity and pass a current into the
earth, because electromagnetic wave energy is not recoverable while that [earth] current is entirely recoverable, being
the energy stored in an elastic system.
Counsel : What elastic system do you refer to?
Tesla :I mean this: If you pass a current into a circuit with large self-induction, and no radiation takes place, and you
have a low resistance, there is no possibility of this energy getting out into space; therefore, the impressed impulses
accumulate.
Counsel : Let's see if I understand this correctly. If you have radiation or electromagnetic waves going from your system,
the energy is wasted?
Tesla : Absolutely wasted. From my circuit you can get either electromagnetic waves, 90 percent of electromagnetic
waves if you like, and 10 percent in the current energy that passes through the earth. Or, you can reverse the process
and get 10 percent of the energy in electromagnetic waves and 90 percent in energy of the current that passes through
the earth. It is just like this: I have invented a knife. The knife can cut with the sharp edge. I tell the man who applies my
http://www.frank.germano.com/tesla_alternate.htm (19 of 20)2004/11/22 09:47:56 AM
Nikola Tesla On His Work With Alternating Currents
invention, you must cut with the sharp edge. I know perfectly well you can cut butter with the blunt edge, but my knife is
not intended for this. You must not make the antenna give off 90 percent in electromagnetic and 10 percent in current
waves, because the electromagnetic waves are lost by the time you are a few arcs around the planet, while the current
travels to the uttermost distance of the globe and can be recovered.
This view, by the way, is now confirmed. Note, for instance, the mathematical treatise of Sommerfeld,[*] who shows that
my theory is correct, that I was right in my explanations of the phenomena, and that the profession was completely
misled. This is the reason why these followers of mine in high frequency currents have made a mistake. They wanted to
make high frequency alternators of 200,000 cycles with the idea that they would produce electromagnetic waves, 90
percent in electromagnetic waves and the rest in current energy.
I only used low alternations, and I produced 90 percent in current energy and only 10 percent in electromagnetic waves,
which are wasted, and that is why I got my results. . . . You see, the apparatus which I have devised was an apparatus
enabling one to produce tremendous differences of potential and currents in an antenna circuit. These requirements
must be fulfilled, whether you transmit by currents of conduction, or whether you transmit by electromagnetic waves.
You want high potential currents, you want a great amount of vibratory energy; but you can graduate this vibratory
energy.
By proper design and choice of wave lengths, you can arrange it so that you get, for instance, 5 percent in these
electromagnetic waves and 95 percent in the current that goes through the earth. That is what I am doing. Or
you can get, as these radio men, 95 percent in the energy of electromagnetic waves and only 5 percent in the
energy of the current. . . . The apparatus is suitable for one or the other method. I am not producing radiation
with my system; I am suppressing electromagnetic waves. ... In my system, you should free yourself of the idea
that there is radiation, that the energy is radiated. It is not radiated; it is conserved. . . .

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

Con số 42. Một minh hoạ của một trong những thí nghiệm đầu vớimột biến áp điều chỉnh trong phòng thí nghiệm ở South Fifth Avenue.(Bài viết của T.C. Martin ["Tesla của dao động và sáng chế khác"],Thế kỷ Magazine, tháng 4 1895, hình 9, p. 926.)[Nhạc cụ này hiển thị trong hình 42] được sử dụng trong phòng thí nghiệm về NamĐại lộ Fifth Avenue. Ở đây [lớn tròn đĩa nằm trên đầu trang của cuộn dây] là những điều chỉnhbảng với các ngưng, một tiểu học dày, và một dây trung học.Đôi khi tôi sẽ hoạt động với hai rung động và tôi sẽ điều chỉnh đầu tiênmạch để một và thứ hai đến khác. Đây [đề cập đến tủ trongmặt sau của phòng] bạn thấy một số bộ máy lịch sử của tôi. Giáo sưFairfield Osborn [*] đến một phòng thí nghiệm của tôi và nói với tôi, "lý do tại sao ngàytrái đất làm bạn giữ nó trong phòng thí nghiệm này? " Tôi đã có tất cả bộ máy này, 400miếng, hoàn toàn vô giá, và ông cung cấp để mang nó đến cácBảo tàng. Nhưng tôi đã không chú ý đến lời khuyên của ông, và nó đã biến mất.Tư vấn: Nơi đã được các sóng được gửi từ?Tesla: Cả căn phòng được energized bởi sóng điện từ vàngười nhận phản ứng bằng cách bất cứ nơi nào tại thiền đường. Hội trường lớn hơncăn phòng này [Hiển thị trong hình 42], hai lần như lâu dài, và bất cứ nơi nào cường độhành động là như nhau. Những đĩa [dọc, trên đầu trang của điều chỉnh bàn]là, tôi nghĩ rằng, khoảng 14 hay 15 inch đường kính, và bạn có thể xem cácstreamers [Hiển thị như trắng giữa các đĩa] bất cứ nơi nào trong phòng. Ởmột hội trường hai lần càng lâu như thế này, bất cứ nơi nào tôi đặt các nhạc cụ, nó sẽrespond to the electromagnetic waves.Counsel : In this particular instance you are speaking of, the waves were generated right there at 35 South FifthAvenue?Tesla : Yes.Counsel : Was that the apparatus in which you had the primaries running entirely around the room?Tesla : Yes. This was shown to many people and societies. This [Fig. 43] shows the first single step I made toward theevolution of an apparatus which, given primary oscillations, will transform them into oscillations capable of penetratingthe medium. That experiment, which was marvelous at the time it was performed, was shown for the first time in 1894. Iremember the incident perfectly. I called Mr. Edward Adams, the banker, to come and see it, and he was the first man toobserve it and to hear my explanation of what it meant.Figure 43. Apparatus in action illustrating the first step in theevolution of the magnifying transmitter in the laboratory at 35 SouthFifth Avenue. (Article by T.C. Martin ["Tesla's Oscillator and OtherInventions"], Century Magazine, April 1895, Fig. 15, p. 932.)This coil, which I have subsequently shown in my patents Nos. 645,576and 649,621, in the form of a spiral, was, as you see, [earlier] in the formof a cone. The idea was to put the coil, with reference to the primary, inan inductive connection which was not close -- we call it now a loosehttp://www.frank.germano.com/tesla_alternate.htm (18 of 20)2004/11/22 09:47:56 AMNikola Tesla vào công việc của mình với dòng điện xoay chiềukhớp nối--nhưng miễn phí để cho phép sự gia tăng cộng hưởng tuyệt vời. Đó là người đầu tiênđơn bước, như tôi đã nói, đối với sự tiến triển của một sáng chế mà tôi cógọi là của tôi "phóng đại phát." Đó có nghĩa là, một mạch kết nối vớimặt đất và ăng-ten, động lượng điện từ to lớnvà như vậy nhỏ giảm yếu tố, với tất cả các điều kiện xác định rằng mộtCác tích lũy khổng lồ của năng lượng điện có thể xảy ra. Nó dọc theodòng này mà tôi cuối cùng đã đến lúc các kết quả mô tả trong bài viết của tôi trong cácThế kỷ các tạp chí tháng 6 năm 1900. [Hình 43] cho thấy một phát điện; không nhữngphát điện được trang bị cho phòng thí nghiệm của tôi trên đường phố Houston--màlà một một, [nhưng] tại 35 South thứ năm Avenue [và] hoạt động trên cáccùng một nguyên tắc. Đây [thấp hơn bên trái] là ngưng các, tiểu học, và tất cả cácphần còn lại. Có xả đã là 5 hoặc 6 feet, tương đối nhỏ để những gì tôisau đó thu được. Tôi đã sản xuất thải của 100 feet, vàcó thể sản xuất một số 1.000 feet nếu cần thiết, với các thiết bị lớn nhất.Tư vấn: Ông Tesla, vào thời điểm đó, những gì đã làm bạn có nghĩa là bằng điện từĐà?Tesla: tôi có nghĩa là bạn phải có trong các mạch, quán tính. Bạn cần phải có một self-inductance lớn theo thứ tự mà bạncó thể thực hiện hai điều: đầu tiên, một tương đối thấp tần số, mà sẽ làm giảm bức xạ của các điện từsóng cho một giá trị tương đối nhỏ, và thứ hai, một hiệu ứng cộng hưởng tuyệt vời. Đó là không thể trong một ăng-ten, choinstance, of large capacity and small self-inductance. A large capacity and small self-inductance is the poorest kind ofcircuit which can be constructed; it gives a very small resonant effect. That was the reason why in my experiments inColorado the energies were 1,000 times greater than in the present antennae.Counsel : You say the energy was 1,000 times greater. Do you mean that the voltage was increased, or the current, orboth?Tesla : Yes [both]. To be more explicit, I take a very large self-inductance and a comparatively small capacity, which Ihave constructed in a certain way so that the electricity cannot leak out. I thus obtain a low frequency; but, as you know,the electromagnetic radiation is proportionate to the square root of the capacity divided by the self-induction. I do notpermit the energy to go out; I accumulate in that circuit a tremendous energy. When the high potential is attained, if Iwant to give off electromagnetic waves, I do so, but I prefer to reduce those waves in quantity and pass a current into theearth, because electromagnetic wave energy is not recoverable while that [earth] current is entirely recoverable, beingthe energy stored in an elastic system.Counsel : What elastic system do you refer to?Tesla :I mean this: If you pass a current into a circuit with large self-induction, and no radiation takes place, and youhave a low resistance, there is no possibility of this energy getting out into space; therefore, the impressed impulsesaccumulate.Counsel : Let's see if I understand this correctly. If you have radiation or electromagnetic waves going from your system,the energy is wasted?Tesla : Absolutely wasted. From my circuit you can get either electromagnetic waves, 90 percent of electromagneticwaves if you like, and 10 percent in the current energy that passes through the earth. Or, you can reverse the processand get 10 percent of the energy in electromagnetic waves and 90 percent in energy of the current that passes throughthe earth. It is just like this: I have invented a knife. The knife can cut with the sharp edge. I tell the man who applies myhttp://www.frank.germano.com/tesla_alternate.htm (19 of 20)2004/11/22 09:47:56 AMNikola Tesla On His Work With Alternating Currentsinvention, you must cut with the sharp edge. I know perfectly well you can cut butter with the blunt edge, but my knife isnot intended for this. You must not make the antenna give off 90 percent in electromagnetic and 10 percent in currentwaves, because the electromagnetic waves are lost by the time you are a few arcs around the planet, while the currenttravels to the uttermost distance of the globe and can be recovered.This view, by the way, is now confirmed. Note, for instance, the mathematical treatise of Sommerfeld,[*] who shows thatmy theory is correct, that I was right in my explanations of the phenomena, and that the profession was completelymisled. This is the reason why these followers of mine in high frequency currents have made a mistake. They wanted tomake high frequency alternators of 200,000 cycles with the idea that they would produce electromagnetic waves, 90percent in electromagnetic waves and the rest in current energy.I only used low alternations, and I produced 90 percent in current energy and only 10 percent in electromagnetic waves,which are wasted, and that is why I got my results. . . . You see, the apparatus which I have devised was an apparatusenabling one to produce tremendous differences of potential and currents in an antenna circuit. These requirementsmust be fulfilled, whether you transmit by currents of conduction, or whether you transmit by electromagnetic waves.You want high potential currents, you want a great amount of vibratory energy; but you can graduate this vibratoryenergy.By proper design and choice of wave lengths, you can arrange it so that you get, for instance, 5 percent in theseelectromagnetic waves and 95 percent in the current that goes through the earth. That is what I am doing. Oryou can get, as these radio men, 95 percent in the energy of electromagnetic waves and only 5 percent in theenergy of the current. . . . The apparatus is suitable for one or the other method. I am not producing radiationwith my system; I am suppressing electromagnetic waves. ... In my system, you should free yourself of the ideathat there is radiation, that the energy is radiated. It is not radiated; it is conserved. . . .