Diagrams such as the one in Figure 3-2 may be used to draw electronic configurations (see Figure 3-3). Arrows pointing up are used to represent electrons with one given spin, and arrows pointing down are usedto represent electrons with the opposite spin. In atoms with partially filledp, d, or f subshells, the electrons stay unpaired as much as possible. Thiseffect is called Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity
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