The regression estimates for China (Table 1a), Malaysia (Table 1c), Singapore (Table 1d), and South Korea (Table 1e) indicate that greater foreign investment reduced real exchange rate volatility for the period 1980-2011. For instance, the parameter estimates on the three components (DL, FDI, and PEL) as well as on TFL are generally negative and significant. Compared to other forms of foreign investment, FDI (with larger parameter estimates in absolute value) has a greater impact on real exchange rate volatility, as suggested by the literature. In fact, for India (Table 1b), it is only FDI that reduced real exchange rate volatility. Such evidence makes a strong case for policies encouraging FDI in order to stabilize the real exchange rate and improve export competitiveness in China, India, Malaysia, Singapore, and South Korea. We reach a different conclusion for Indonesia (Table 1f), the Philippines (Table 1g), and Thailand (Table 1h) in the sense that greater foreign investment, particularly in the form of FDI, increased real exchange rate volatility. For instance, the parameter estimates on FDI are all positive and significant, while the parameter estimates on the other measures (DL, PEL, and TFL) are generally positive and significant.*** Table 1 about here ***
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