2.3.1. Schooling EnvironmentThe classroom is one of two environmental contexts under examination in order to determine any reciprocal effects on perceived prosocial behaviour. The classroom environment is comparable around the world, generally consisting of a group of students and one or more teachers dedicated to learning (Trussell, 2008). For many children and adolescents, the classroom at school is a place to learn about the social−self and others by providing a consistent and balanced learning environment (Trussell, 2008). There are many benefits associated with classroom style learning including social and emotional encouragement (Trussell, 2008). Schools operate as a primary setting for the development and validation of social competencies (Rosenholz & Rosenholz, 1981).Accordingly, social behaviour in the classroom has directed a lot of research, the majority limited to problem behaviours, mainly aggression (Thomas & Bierman, 2006). However, the study of positive social behaviour in the classroom has been gaining credit for over a decade (Howes, 2000). The main reason for this is that researchers have recognised the benefits of classroom learning, and the related benefits of studying prosocial behaviour in this context.Adolescents are sensitive but respond well in an appropriate context, such as the classroom, which is designed to support adolescent development (Wentzel, 1994). In accordance, it was found that adolescents need to feel as though they belong in order to maintain a level of connectivity to the school, and to feel respected by others (Wilson, 2004). This type of school engagement is vital to a student’s academic and social success (Van Acker & Wheby, 2000). It has been found that a school−based network of social support promotes positive academic outcomes and prevents negative psychological outcomes in adolescents (Garnefski & Diekstra, 1996; Malecki & Demaray, 2007; Wang, Selman, Dishion, & Stormshak, 2010). Unfortunately, much of this research on the classroom−behaviour link has drawn on the perceptions of teachers and parents in order to quantify children’s behaviour in the classroom (Alexander, Entwisle, & Dauber, 1993). There are benefits to an outsider’s perspective, though it is also important to draw on the individual’s perspective of their own behaviour in order to achieve reliability of the data (Alexander et al., 1993).
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