The best material to initiate in vitro propagation of olive is the potted stock plants maintained under greenhouse conditions (see Fig. 1a ). Those can be established by grafting scions of elite cultivars, selected for superior phenotypic characteristics, genetic stability, and good sanitary conditions, onto potted seedlings (see Notes 6 and 7). Alternatively, olive stock plants can be established by cutting propagation ( 2 ) . In olive, the best explants to initiate in vitro cultures are tender apical twigs and uninodal segments (see Fig. 1b ), excised from vigorous shoots soon after spring sprouting. Occasionally, bi- or trinodal segments are used (
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