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The Largest Passage on EarthDuring
The Largest Passage on Earth
During the 1978 Royal Geographical Society Expedition, the first cavers to explore Deer Cave stated, “This is undoubtedly one of the world’s speleological wonders, for our survey showed that the monstrous passage was 174m wide and 122m high in one section. It is nowhere less than 90m wide and high and it passes right through the mountain for a distance of one kilometre.”
The classic 'Jerry' shot. Looking back towards the main entrance of Deer Cave. Photo © Robbie Shone.
The 1978 expedition report came to the following conclusion; “…it is a strong contender for the title of the largest cave passage in the world.”
As time went on it became clear that Deer Cave did indeed contain the largest genuine cave passage in the world. A further survey in 2009, undertaken by the Hoffman Institute of Western Kentucky University, confirmed the dimensions.
One of the large parts of Deer Cave. Three figures are silhouetted by blasts of light, the furthest is too small to see. Photo © Robbie Shone
The 2009 survey effort increased the known passage length to 4.1 kilometres and connected Langs Cave, another show cave within the park, to the Deer Cave System. The maximum cross sectional area was in the large southern passage. This was documented at 169m wide with a ceiling height of 125m. The northern passage registered the greatest ceiling height at 148m with a cross sectional width of 142m. The main entrance of Deer Cave was measured at 146m and the Garden of Eden Entrance was measured to be 140m in width. The survey revealed the existence of an un-ascended 305 meter high aven in the roof of the upstream passage. The highest elevation roof passage was measured at 226m above the main cave trail.
Best of all, this speleological wonder can be seen by all visitors to Gunung Mulu National Park. It is only a short walk from the accommodation at Park Headquarters along a raised plank walk to the great cave entrance. Every evening a spectacular natural event takes place here, when millions of bats leave their roosts and exit the cave in great snaking streams across the sky, on their way to distant feeding grounds.
In early 2009, a team caving in Vietnam claimed to have discovered an even greater cave passage, Hang Son Dong. This was excitedly published in newspapers and National Geographic film and magazine became interested. The Vietnam discovery quickly became an accepted truth as the ‘world’s largest cave’, but the expedition never managed to produce any factual evidence to demonstrate that Hang Son Dong was as large as Deer Cave. It later transpired that the largest part of the cave was a surface doline and the cross sectional area had a height quoted from one part of the cave and a width from another. Perhaps the best judgment came from two explorers who traveled directly between the two caves. In their separate opinions there was no part of Hang Son Dong that was bigger than the main passage of Deer Cave. Undoubtedly both are magnificent caves.
A plan survey of both caves drawn at the same scale. Note that Deer Cave is wider than any section of Hang Son Dong.
A view across the width of the passage. Note the line of four figures on the central boulder ridge. Photo © Robbie Shone
The truth of the matter is that there is no accepted measure for the largest cave passage, all is subjective opinion. At the best there is a single cross sectional measure at the widest/highest part. To be definitive a set of criteria would need to be established by which large passages could be compared. This would have to include setting a length over which the passage was measured and then defining average dimensions or a volume, perhaps by laser scanning techniques. Most importantly, it would be necessary to agree a set of rules as to what constitutes a ‘passage’ in the first place otherwise Nasib Bagus (Sarawak Chamber) would surely be the largest passage in the world at 700m long, 400m wide and 100m high. Along with Api Chamber, at 300m long, 200m wide and 120m high, these great chambers are just large sections of a collapsed passage. So, if we exclude these types of chambers then we should be careful what passage elements we do include such as junctions, skylights, avens, alcoves and cross rifts which all distort the true dimensions of a borehole-like passage.
Unlike the longest cave in the world, where one cave stands out way above the rest, the largest known passages of Deer Cave, Gebihe System, Hang Song Dong, Gruta do Janelao etc. are more difficult to compare. As it was in 1978 it is the same today, Deer Cave is still a strong contender for the title of the largest cave passage in the world.
The northern end of Deer cave near to the Garden of Eden Entrance. Note the tiny figure on the leaning tower of rock. Photo © Robbie Shone
During the 1978 Royal Geographical Society Expedition, the first cavers to explore Deer Cave stated, “This is undoubtedly one of the world’s speleological wonders, for our survey showed that the monstrous passage was 174m wide and 122m high in one section. It is nowhere less than 90m wide and high and it passes right through the mountain for a distance of one kilometre.”
The classic 'Jerry' shot. Looking back towards the main entrance of Deer Cave. Photo © Robbie Shone.
The 1978 expedition report came to the following conclusion; “…it is a strong contender for the title of the largest cave passage in the world.”
As time went on it became clear that Deer Cave did indeed contain the largest genuine cave passage in the world. A further survey in 2009, undertaken by the Hoffman Institute of Western Kentucky University, confirmed the dimensions.
One of the large parts of Deer Cave. Three figures are silhouetted by blasts of light, the furthest is too small to see. Photo © Robbie Shone
The 2009 survey effort increased the known passage length to 4.1 kilometres and connected Langs Cave, another show cave within the park, to the Deer Cave System. The maximum cross sectional area was in the large southern passage. This was documented at 169m wide with a ceiling height of 125m. The northern passage registered the greatest ceiling height at 148m with a cross sectional width of 142m. The main entrance of Deer Cave was measured at 146m and the Garden of Eden Entrance was measured to be 140m in width. The survey revealed the existence of an un-ascended 305 meter high aven in the roof of the upstream passage. The highest elevation roof passage was measured at 226m above the main cave trail.
Best of all, this speleological wonder can be seen by all visitors to Gunung Mulu National Park. It is only a short walk from the accommodation at Park Headquarters along a raised plank walk to the great cave entrance. Every evening a spectacular natural event takes place here, when millions of bats leave their roosts and exit the cave in great snaking streams across the sky, on their way to distant feeding grounds.
In early 2009, a team caving in Vietnam claimed to have discovered an even greater cave passage, Hang Son Dong. This was excitedly published in newspapers and National Geographic film and magazine became interested. The Vietnam discovery quickly became an accepted truth as the ‘world’s largest cave’, but the expedition never managed to produce any factual evidence to demonstrate that Hang Son Dong was as large as Deer Cave. It later transpired that the largest part of the cave was a surface doline and the cross sectional area had a height quoted from one part of the cave and a width from another. Perhaps the best judgment came from two explorers who traveled directly between the two caves. In their separate opinions there was no part of Hang Son Dong that was bigger than the main passage of Deer Cave. Undoubtedly both are magnificent caves.
A plan survey of both caves drawn at the same scale. Note that Deer Cave is wider than any section of Hang Son Dong.
A view across the width of the passage. Note the line of four figures on the central boulder ridge. Photo © Robbie Shone
The truth of the matter is that there is no accepted measure for the largest cave passage, all is subjective opinion. At the best there is a single cross sectional measure at the widest/highest part. To be definitive a set of criteria would need to be established by which large passages could be compared. This would have to include setting a length over which the passage was measured and then defining average dimensions or a volume, perhaps by laser scanning techniques. Most importantly, it would be necessary to agree a set of rules as to what constitutes a ‘passage’ in the first place otherwise Nasib Bagus (Sarawak Chamber) would surely be the largest passage in the world at 700m long, 400m wide and 100m high. Along with Api Chamber, at 300m long, 200m wide and 120m high, these great chambers are just large sections of a collapsed passage. So, if we exclude these types of chambers then we should be careful what passage elements we do include such as junctions, skylights, avens, alcoves and cross rifts which all distort the true dimensions of a borehole-like passage.
Unlike the longest cave in the world, where one cave stands out way above the rest, the largest known passages of Deer Cave, Gebihe System, Hang Song Dong, Gruta do Janelao etc. are more difficult to compare. As it was in 1978 it is the same today, Deer Cave is still a strong contender for the title of the largest cave passage in the world.
The northern end of Deer cave near to the Garden of Eden Entrance. Note the tiny figure on the leaning tower of rock. Photo © Robbie Shone
0/5000
Các đoạn văn lớn nhất trên trái đấtTrong 1978 Royal địa lý xã hội đoàn thám hiểm, những đầu tiên để khám phá hang động Deer nói, "điều này chắc chắn là một trong của thế giới kỳ quan hang, cho chúng tôi khảo sát cho thấy rằng các đoạn văn khổng lồ là 174m rộng và 122m cao trong một phần. Nó là hư không ít hơn 90 m rộng và cao và nó đi ngay qua núi cho một khoảng cách của một cây số. " Cổ điển 'Jerry' bắn. Nhìn lại đối với lối vào chính của Deer Cave. Ảnh © Robbie chiếu.Báo cáo cuộc thám hiểm năm 1978 đã đến kết luận sau đây; ".. .nó là một contender mạnh cho tiêu đề của đoạn hang động lớn nhất trên thế giới." Như thời gian đã đi vào nó trở nên rõ ràng rằng Deer Cave đã thực sự chứa các đoạn văn chính hãng hang động lớn nhất trên thế giới. Một cuộc khảo sát hơn nữa trong năm 2009, thực hiện bởi Đại học Hoffman viện của phía tây Kentucky, xác nhận kích thước. Một trong những phần lớn của Deer Cave. Ba con số được soi bởi vụ nổ của ánh sáng, các xa là quá nhỏ để xem. Ảnh © Robbie chiếuNỗ lực cuộc khảo sát năm 2009 tăng chiều dài đoạn văn được biết đến để 4.1 km và nối Langs Cave, một hang động hiển thị trong công viên, để hệ thống hang động Deer. Tối đa qua khu vực cắt trong đoạn văn lớn phía Nam. Điều này đã được tài liệu tại 169m rộng với độ cao trần của 125m. Việc thông qua miền bắc đăng ký chiều cao trần lớn nhất tại 148m có chiều rộng cắt chéo 142m. Lối vào chính của Deer Cave được đo tại 146m và Sân vườn Eden cửa ra vào đã được đo sẽ là 140m rộng. Cuộc khảo sát cho thấy sự tồn tại của một aven un-lên cao 305 m trên mái nhà của đoạn đường truyền tải lên. Việc thông qua mái nhà vị cao nhất đã được đo tại 226m trên đường mòn chính hang động.Tốt nhất của tất cả, tự hỏi hang này có thể được nhìn thấy bởi tất cả du khách đến vườn quốc gia Gunung Mulu. Nó là chỉ là một đi bộ ngắn từ chỗ ở tại trụ sở công viên dọc theo một mảnh gỗ lớn lên đi đến lối vào hang động tuyệt vời. Mỗi buổi tối một sự kiện tự nhiên ngoạn mục diễn ra ở đây, khi hàng triệu con dơi để lại roosts của họ và thoát khỏi hang động trong dòng lớn snaking trên bầu trời, trên đường đến xa căn cứ cho ăn. Vào đầu năm 2009, một nhóm thám hiểm hang động ở Việt Nam tuyên bố đã phát hiện ra một đoạn văn hang động thậm chí cao hơn, Hang Dong con trai. Hào hứng này được xuất bản ở Nhật báo và National Geographic phim và tạp chí đã trở thành quan tâm đến. Khám phá Việt Nam nhanh chóng trở thành một sự thật được chấp nhận như là 'của thế giới lớn nhất hang', nhưng các cuộc thám hiểm không bao giờ quản lý để đưa ra bất kỳ bằng chứng thực tế để chứng minh rằng Hang Dong con trai lớn như hươu Cave. Nó sau đó ra rằng phần lớn nhất của các hang động là một doline bề mặt và các khu vực cắt chéo có một chiều cao trích dẫn từ một phần của các hang động và chiều rộng từ khác. Có lẽ bản án tốt nhất đến từ hai nhà thám hiểm người đi du lịch trực tiếp giữa các hang động hai. Trong ý kiến riêng của mình đã có không có một phần của Hang trai đồng đó là lớn hơn thông qua chính Deer Cave. Không nghi ngờ gì, cả hai đều tuyệt vời hang động.Một cuộc khảo sát kế hoạch của cả hai hang động rút ra ở quy mô tương tự. Lưu ý rằng Deer hang động rộng hơn bất kỳ phần của Hang trai Dong.Một cái nhìn trên chiều rộng của các đoạn văn. Lưu ý dòng của bốn con số trên sườn núi Trung tâm thành phố boulder. Ảnh © Robbie chiếuSự thật của vấn đề là rằng có không có biện pháp được chấp nhận cho việc thông qua hang động lớn nhất, tất cả là ý kiến chủ quan. Lúc tốt nhất là có một biện pháp cắt một đường ở phần rộng nhất/cao nhất. Phải xác định một tập hợp các tiêu chí nào cần phải được thành lập mà đoạn lớn có thể được so sánh. Điều này có thể bao gồm thiết lập một chiều dài trên đó các đoạn văn được đo và sau đó xác định kích thước trung bình hoặc một khối lượng, có lẽ bằng laser quét kỹ thuật. Quan trọng nhất, nó sẽ là cần thiết để đồng ý một tập các quy tắc về những gì cấu thành một 'qua' ở nơi đầu tiên nếu không Nasib Bagus (Sarawak Chamber) chắc chắn sẽ là các đoạn văn lớn nhất trên thế giới tại 700 m dài, rộng 400 m và cao 100 m. Cùng với Api buồng, tại dài 300 m, rộng 200 m và 120 m cao, các phòng lớn là chỉ lớn các phần của một đoạn bị sụp đổ. Vì vậy, nếu chúng tôi loại trừ các loại phòng sau đó chúng ta nên cẩn thận những yếu tố thông qua chúng tôi bao gồm chẳng hạn như cách liên kết, cửa sổ trần nhà, avens, alcoves và đường rạn nứt mà tất cả bóp méo các kích thước thực sự của một đoạn giống như giếng khoan. Không giống như các hang động dài nhất trên thế giới, nơi một hang động đứng ra cách trên phần còn lại, được biết đến đoạn lớn nhất của Deer Cave, Gebihe hệ thống, Hang bài hát Dong, Gruta do Janelao vv là khó khăn hơn để so sánh. Như nó đã là năm 1978 nó là cùng một ngày hôm nay, Deer Cave vẫn là một contender mạnh cho tiêu đề của đoạn hang động lớn nhất trên thế giới.Cuối phía bắc của Deer hang động gần Sân vườn Eden lối vào. Lưu ý hình nhỏ trên tháp nghiêng của đá. Ảnh © Robbie chiếu
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The Largest Passage on Earth
During the 1978 Royal Geographical Society Expedition, the first cavers to explore Deer Cave stated, “This is undoubtedly one of the world’s speleological wonders, for our survey showed that the monstrous passage was 174m wide and 122m high in one section. It is nowhere less than 90m wide and high and it passes right through the mountain for a distance of one kilometre.”
The classic 'Jerry' shot. Looking back towards the main entrance of Deer Cave. Photo © Robbie Shone.
The 1978 expedition report came to the following conclusion; “…it is a strong contender for the title of the largest cave passage in the world.”
As time went on it became clear that Deer Cave did indeed contain the largest genuine cave passage in the world. A further survey in 2009, undertaken by the Hoffman Institute of Western Kentucky University, confirmed the dimensions.
One of the large parts of Deer Cave. Three figures are silhouetted by blasts of light, the furthest is too small to see. Photo © Robbie Shone
The 2009 survey effort increased the known passage length to 4.1 kilometres and connected Langs Cave, another show cave within the park, to the Deer Cave System. The maximum cross sectional area was in the large southern passage. This was documented at 169m wide with a ceiling height of 125m. The northern passage registered the greatest ceiling height at 148m with a cross sectional width of 142m. The main entrance of Deer Cave was measured at 146m and the Garden of Eden Entrance was measured to be 140m in width. The survey revealed the existence of an un-ascended 305 meter high aven in the roof of the upstream passage. The highest elevation roof passage was measured at 226m above the main cave trail.
Best of all, this speleological wonder can be seen by all visitors to Gunung Mulu National Park. It is only a short walk from the accommodation at Park Headquarters along a raised plank walk to the great cave entrance. Every evening a spectacular natural event takes place here, when millions of bats leave their roosts and exit the cave in great snaking streams across the sky, on their way to distant feeding grounds.
In early 2009, a team caving in Vietnam claimed to have discovered an even greater cave passage, Hang Son Dong. This was excitedly published in newspapers and National Geographic film and magazine became interested. The Vietnam discovery quickly became an accepted truth as the ‘world’s largest cave’, but the expedition never managed to produce any factual evidence to demonstrate that Hang Son Dong was as large as Deer Cave. It later transpired that the largest part of the cave was a surface doline and the cross sectional area had a height quoted from one part of the cave and a width from another. Perhaps the best judgment came from two explorers who traveled directly between the two caves. In their separate opinions there was no part of Hang Son Dong that was bigger than the main passage of Deer Cave. Undoubtedly both are magnificent caves.
A plan survey of both caves drawn at the same scale. Note that Deer Cave is wider than any section of Hang Son Dong.
A view across the width of the passage. Note the line of four figures on the central boulder ridge. Photo © Robbie Shone
The truth of the matter is that there is no accepted measure for the largest cave passage, all is subjective opinion. At the best there is a single cross sectional measure at the widest/highest part. To be definitive a set of criteria would need to be established by which large passages could be compared. This would have to include setting a length over which the passage was measured and then defining average dimensions or a volume, perhaps by laser scanning techniques. Most importantly, it would be necessary to agree a set of rules as to what constitutes a ‘passage’ in the first place otherwise Nasib Bagus (Sarawak Chamber) would surely be the largest passage in the world at 700m long, 400m wide and 100m high. Along with Api Chamber, at 300m long, 200m wide and 120m high, these great chambers are just large sections of a collapsed passage. So, if we exclude these types of chambers then we should be careful what passage elements we do include such as junctions, skylights, avens, alcoves and cross rifts which all distort the true dimensions of a borehole-like passage.
Unlike the longest cave in the world, where one cave stands out way above the rest, the largest known passages of Deer Cave, Gebihe System, Hang Song Dong, Gruta do Janelao etc. are more difficult to compare. As it was in 1978 it is the same today, Deer Cave is still a strong contender for the title of the largest cave passage in the world.
The northern end of Deer cave near to the Garden of Eden Entrance. Note the tiny figure on the leaning tower of rock. Photo © Robbie Shone
During the 1978 Royal Geographical Society Expedition, the first cavers to explore Deer Cave stated, “This is undoubtedly one of the world’s speleological wonders, for our survey showed that the monstrous passage was 174m wide and 122m high in one section. It is nowhere less than 90m wide and high and it passes right through the mountain for a distance of one kilometre.”
The classic 'Jerry' shot. Looking back towards the main entrance of Deer Cave. Photo © Robbie Shone.
The 1978 expedition report came to the following conclusion; “…it is a strong contender for the title of the largest cave passage in the world.”
As time went on it became clear that Deer Cave did indeed contain the largest genuine cave passage in the world. A further survey in 2009, undertaken by the Hoffman Institute of Western Kentucky University, confirmed the dimensions.
One of the large parts of Deer Cave. Three figures are silhouetted by blasts of light, the furthest is too small to see. Photo © Robbie Shone
The 2009 survey effort increased the known passage length to 4.1 kilometres and connected Langs Cave, another show cave within the park, to the Deer Cave System. The maximum cross sectional area was in the large southern passage. This was documented at 169m wide with a ceiling height of 125m. The northern passage registered the greatest ceiling height at 148m with a cross sectional width of 142m. The main entrance of Deer Cave was measured at 146m and the Garden of Eden Entrance was measured to be 140m in width. The survey revealed the existence of an un-ascended 305 meter high aven in the roof of the upstream passage. The highest elevation roof passage was measured at 226m above the main cave trail.
Best of all, this speleological wonder can be seen by all visitors to Gunung Mulu National Park. It is only a short walk from the accommodation at Park Headquarters along a raised plank walk to the great cave entrance. Every evening a spectacular natural event takes place here, when millions of bats leave their roosts and exit the cave in great snaking streams across the sky, on their way to distant feeding grounds.
In early 2009, a team caving in Vietnam claimed to have discovered an even greater cave passage, Hang Son Dong. This was excitedly published in newspapers and National Geographic film and magazine became interested. The Vietnam discovery quickly became an accepted truth as the ‘world’s largest cave’, but the expedition never managed to produce any factual evidence to demonstrate that Hang Son Dong was as large as Deer Cave. It later transpired that the largest part of the cave was a surface doline and the cross sectional area had a height quoted from one part of the cave and a width from another. Perhaps the best judgment came from two explorers who traveled directly between the two caves. In their separate opinions there was no part of Hang Son Dong that was bigger than the main passage of Deer Cave. Undoubtedly both are magnificent caves.
A plan survey of both caves drawn at the same scale. Note that Deer Cave is wider than any section of Hang Son Dong.
A view across the width of the passage. Note the line of four figures on the central boulder ridge. Photo © Robbie Shone
The truth of the matter is that there is no accepted measure for the largest cave passage, all is subjective opinion. At the best there is a single cross sectional measure at the widest/highest part. To be definitive a set of criteria would need to be established by which large passages could be compared. This would have to include setting a length over which the passage was measured and then defining average dimensions or a volume, perhaps by laser scanning techniques. Most importantly, it would be necessary to agree a set of rules as to what constitutes a ‘passage’ in the first place otherwise Nasib Bagus (Sarawak Chamber) would surely be the largest passage in the world at 700m long, 400m wide and 100m high. Along with Api Chamber, at 300m long, 200m wide and 120m high, these great chambers are just large sections of a collapsed passage. So, if we exclude these types of chambers then we should be careful what passage elements we do include such as junctions, skylights, avens, alcoves and cross rifts which all distort the true dimensions of a borehole-like passage.
Unlike the longest cave in the world, where one cave stands out way above the rest, the largest known passages of Deer Cave, Gebihe System, Hang Song Dong, Gruta do Janelao etc. are more difficult to compare. As it was in 1978 it is the same today, Deer Cave is still a strong contender for the title of the largest cave passage in the world.
The northern end of Deer cave near to the Garden of Eden Entrance. Note the tiny figure on the leaning tower of rock. Photo © Robbie Shone
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