Both VNSs and ENSs are partly influenced by the communicating partner pairs. As regards with social distance, they apparently give bad news in a direct way to the one they dislike or they keep silent and ignore them. To the colleague whose gender is opposite with them, the informants usually find it difficult to inform the news, hence, S wants to deliberately and implicitly fatter H’s status to reduce threats to H. Moreover, the age of partners make S inform the bad news more indirectly and not dare to give the older advice or offer option. Above all, S always feels unconfident and ambiguous to communicate face-to-face with the people who is more powerful so the most preferable strategy is 3, 8, and 10. In contrast, to the inferior, S tends to be more direct in giving bad news by using mostly strategy 1, 5, 6, or even no hedging.
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